THREATS TO VALIDITY IN QUASIEXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS CAMPBELL (1969)

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Campbell's (1969) Threats to Validity

Threats to Validity in Quasi-Experimental Designs

Campbell (1969)

  1. Introduction

    1. When possible use experiments

    2. When experiments are not possible (e.g., evaluating the effectiveness of a change in state law) consider using quasi-experimental analysis

    3. Campbell’s (1969) article and running example of analyzing the effect of a change in a speeding law on highway safety

  2. Threats to Internal Validity

    1. Running example: alternative explanations for a decrease in fatalities

    2. History

      1. dry weather

    3. Maturation

      1. safety belt use increase

    4. Instability

      1. bus accident

    5. Testing

      1. newspaper reports of problem

    6. Instrumentation

      1. rates per mile driven estimated by gasoline expenditures

    7. Regression artifacts

      1. new laws applied only when problem unusually bad

    8. Selection

      1. comparison states different in important ways

    9. Selection-maturation interactions

      1. Experimental mortality

        1. population decrease

  3. Threats to External Validity

    1. Interaction effects of testing

      1. extensive pretesting sensitizes population

    2. Interaction of selection and experimental treatment

      1. population unusually responsive to treatment

    3. Reactive effects of experimental arrangements

      1. experimental setting unusual

    4. Multiple treatment interference

      1. attempt to generalize to single treatment

    5. Irrelevant responsiveness of measures

      1. measures responsive to unknown effects

    6. Irrelevant replicability of treatments

      1. treatments cannot be replicated


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Tags: (1969) ===============, campbell’s (1969), quasiexperimental, validity, campbell, (1969), designs, threats