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        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="gpt-InScrollLabel">SCROLL TO CONTINUE WITH CONTENT</div>
</div>
<div id="gpt-DebugDiv" class="gpt-DebugDiv" style="display:none;">
    <div style="width: 100%; display: table;">
        <div style="display: table-row">
            <div style="width: 200px; display: table-cell;">
                <button class="gpt-DebugBtn" onclick="gpt_ShowConsole()">Open GPT Console</button><br />
                <button class="gpt-DebugBtn" onclick="gpt_GrapeShotDebug();">Open Oracle Keywords</button><br />
                <br />
                <button class="gpt-DebugBtn" onclick="gpt_LoadDebugValues()">Refresh Values</button>
            </div>
            <div style="display: table-cell;">
                <table class="gpt-DebugTable">
                    <thead>
                        <tr>
                            <th>Property</th>
                            <th>Value</th>
                        </tr>
                    </thead>
                    <tbody>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Status</td><td><div class="gptStatus_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Version</td><td><div class="gptVersion_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Ad File</td><td><div class="gptAdFile_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Disable Ads</td><td><div class="gptDisableAds_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Environment</td><td><div class="gptTestENV_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Moat Init</td><td><div class="gptMoatInit_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Moat Ready</td><td><div class="gptMoatReady_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Contextual Ready</td><td><div class="gptContextualReady_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Contextual URL</td><td><div class="gptContextualURL_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Contextual Initial Segments</td><td><div class="gptContextualInit_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Contextual Used Segments</td><td><div class="gptContextualResult_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">AdUnit</td><td><div class="gptSite_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">SubAdUnit</td><td><div class="gptPage_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Custom Targeting</td><td><div class="gptCustomTargeting_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Ad Events</td><td><div class="gptEvent_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                        <tr><td class="gpt-DebugTitle">Invalid Ad Sizes</td><td><div class="gptInvalidAdSize_Debug"></div></td></tr>
                    </tbody>
                </table>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<style type="text/css">
    .gpt-DebugBtn {
        display: inline-block;
        text-align: center;
        text-decoration: none;
        margin: 2px 0;
        border: solid 1px #122b40;
        border-radius: 0.4em;
        padding: 0.5em 1em;
        color: #ffffff;
        background-color: #204d74;
        font-weight: normal;
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .gpt-DebugDiv {
        margin: 5px;
    }

    .gpt-DebugTitle {
        font-weight: bold;
    }

    .gpt-DebugTable {
        border: 1px solid #dddddd;
        border-collapse: collapse;
        margin: 5px;
        font-size: 0.9em;
        font-family: sans-serif;
        min-width: 400px;
        margin-bottom: 25px;
    }

        .gpt-DebugTable td:first-child {
            padding: 5px;
        }

        .gpt-DebugTable thead tr th {
            background-color: #d9edf7;
            color: #ffffff;
            text-align: left;
            padding: 5px;
            border-bottom: 2px solid #204d74;
        }

        .gpt-DebugTable th,
        .gpt-DebugTable td {
            padding: 5px;
        }

        .gpt-DebugTable tbody tr {
            border-bottom: 1px solid #dddddd;
        }

            .gpt-DebugTable tbody tr:nth-of-type(even) {
                background-color: #f3f3f3;
            }

            .gpt-DebugTable tbody tr:last-of-type {
                border-bottom: 2px solid #204d74;
            }

    .gpt-InScrollLabel {
        background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
        color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
        position: relative;
        max-width: 100vw;
        left: 50%;
        right: 50%;
        margin-left: -50vw;
        margin-right: -50vw;
        padding: 0;
        text-align: center;
        width: 100vw !important;
        font-size: 10px;
    }

    .gpt-InScrollBox {
        height: 100vh !important;
        width: 100vw;
        cursor: pointer;
        max-width: 100vw;
        position: relative;
        left: 50%;
        right: 50%;
        margin-left: -50vw;
        margin-right: -50vw;
        margin-bottom: 50px;
        padding-top: 5px;
        padding-bottom: 5px;
        z-index: 10001;
        background-color: white;
    }

        .gpt-InScrollBox .gpt-InScrollContainer {
            height: 95vh !important;
            position: relative;
        }

        .gpt-InScrollBox .gpt-InScrollWrapper {
            position: absolute !important;
            top: 0 !important;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 95vh !important;
            border: 0 !important;
            margin: 0 !important;
            padding: 0 !important;
            clip: rect(0, auto, auto, 0) !important;
            -webkit-clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 100% 0px, 100% 100%, 0px 100%) !important;
            clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 100% 0px, 100% 100%, 0px 100%) !important;
        }

        .gpt-InScrollBox .gpt-InScrollInner {
            position: fixed !important;
            top: 0 !important;
            left: 0 !important;
            bottom: 0;
            margin: auto;
            width: 100vw;
            height: 95vh;
            -webkit-transform: translateZ(0) !important;
            display: -webkit-box;
            display: -ms-flexbox;
            display: flex;
            -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
            -webkit-box-direction: normal;
            -ms-flex-direction: column;
            flex-direction: column;
            -webkit-box-align: center;
            -ms-flex-align: center;
            align-items: center;
            -webkit-box-pack: center;
            -ms-flex-pack: center;
            justify-content: center;
            text-align: center;
        }
</style>
<script class="optanon-category-4" type="text/plain">
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    var gpt_Version = '02012022';
    var gpt_AdFile = $('#gpt-Variables').data('adfile');
    var gpt_MaxMOATInitAttempts = 11;
    var gpt_MaxMOATReadyAttempts = 11;
    var gpt_MaxContextualReadyAttempts = 21;
    var gpt_MOATInitAttempts = 0;
    var gpt_MOATReadyAttempts = 0;
    var gpt_ContextualReadyAttempts = 0;
    var gpt_IsProd = true;
    var gpt_StartTime;
    var gs_channels = 'DEFAULT';
    var gpt_ContextualReady = false;
    var gpt_ContextualURL = 'Not enabled outside of Production';
    var gpt_DisableAdsFlagFound = false;

    var gptEvent_Debug = '';
    var gptCustomTargeting_Debug = '';
    var gptSite_Debug = "";
    var gptPage_Debug = "";
    var gptContextualResult_Debug = '';
    var gptContextualInit_Debug = '';
    var gptContextualURL_Debug = '';
    var gptContextualReady_Debug = '';
    var gptMoatReady_Debug = '';
    var gptMoatInit_Debug = '';
    var gptTestENV_Debug = '';
    var gptDisableAds_Debug = '';
    var gptStatus_Debug = 'GPT Still Loading - Refresh Values';
    var gptInvalidAdSize_Debug = '';
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    $(document).ready(function () {
        //Check to see if we are on a development env
        gpt_CheckEnvironment();

        if (!gpt_DisableAdsFlagFound) {
            gpt_StartTime = new Date();
            if (gpt_AdFile !== "PU") {
                //Once the dom has loaded, begin the process to init the ads.
                gpt_InitScripts();
                gpt_CheckForMOATInit();
            }
        }
    });
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    function gpt_CheckEnvironment() {
        if ($('#gptDisableAds').length > 0) {
            gptDisableAds_Debug = 'Flag Detected - Ads Disabled';
            gpt_DisableAdsFlagFound = true;
        }
        else {
            gptDisableAds_Debug = 'Ads Enabled';
            gpt_DisableAdsFlagFound = false;
        }
        switch (gpt_AdFile) {
            case 'PU':
                if ($("#Environment").val() !== "Prod") {
                    gpt_IsProd = false;
                    gptTestENV_Debug = 'Test Environment Detected';
                }
                else {
                    gptTestENV_Debug = 'Production Environment Detected';
                }
                break;
            default:
                //JBS-Cell-Lancet
                if (window.location.hostname.toLowerCase().indexOf('.literatumonline.') >= 0) {
                    gpt_IsProd = false;
                    gptTestENV_Debug = 'Test Environment Detected';
                }
                else {
                    gptTestENV_Debug = 'Production Environment Detected';
                }
                break;
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_GetElapsedTime() {
        var endTime = new Date();
        var timeDiff = endTime - gpt_StartTime; //in ms
        // strip the ms
        timeDiff /= 1000;

        // get seconds
        return seconds = Math.round(timeDiff) + " seconds";
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_CheckSSC() {
        //Check for ScreenShot Client
        var gpt_SSC = gpt_GetQuerystring('gpt_ssc', '');
        if (gpt_SSC == '1') {
            //it's the ScreenShotClient, disable MOAT IVT Detection
            $('#gpt-Variables').append('<input type="hidden" id="gptm_data">');
            $('#gptm_data').val(0);
            gpt_Target("m_data");
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_LocalSS(adTypeId) {
        window.scrollTo(0, 0);
        gpt_Sleep(1000);
        gpt_ScrollToAd(adTypeId);
        gpt_PreTearsheet(adTypeId);
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_InitScripts() {
        if (gpt_AdFile == "PU") {
            if (gpt_IsProd) {
                gpt_ContextualURL = gpt_CheckForNULL($('#canonicalurl').val());
                if (gpt_ContextualURL === null) {
                    gpt_ContextualURL = window.location.href.split('?')[0].split('#')[0];
                }
                else {
                    gpt_ContextualURL = window.location.origin + gpt_ContextualURL;
                }
                var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol;
                var gs = document.createElement('script');
                gs.async = true;
                gs.type = 'text/javascript';
                gs.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//elsevier.gscontxt.net/multizone/channels.cgi?url=' + encodeURIComponent(gpt_ContextualURL);
                gs.onload = function () {
                    gpt_ContextualReady = true;
                };
                document.head.appendChild(gs);
            }
        }
        else {
            //JBS-Cell-Lancet
            var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol;

            var gads = document.createElement('script');
            gads.async = true;
            gads.type = 'text/javascript';
            gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js';
            document.head.appendChild(gads);

            if (gpt_IsProd) {
                gpt_ContextualURL = window.location.href.split('?')[0].split('#')[0];
                var gs = document.createElement('script');
                gs.async = true;
                gs.type = 'text/javascript';
                gs.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//elsevier.gscontxt.net/multizone/channels.cgi?url=' + encodeURIComponent(gpt_ContextualURL);
                gs.onload = function () {
                    gpt_ContextualReady = true;
                };
                document.head.appendChild(gs);
            }

            var elsevierMoatHeader = document.createElement('link');
            elsevierMoatHeader.rel = 'preload';
            elsevierMoatHeader.as = 'script';
            elsevierMoatHeader.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//z.moatads.com/elsevierheader150204004183/moatheader.js';
            document.head.appendChild(elsevierMoatHeader);

            var elsevierMoatAds = document.createElement('link');
            elsevierMoatAds.rel = 'preconnect';
            elsevierMoatAds.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//mb.moatads.com';
            document.head.appendChild(elsevierMoatAds);

            var moatHeader = document.createElement('script');
            moatHeader.async = true; gads.type = 'text/javascript';
            moatHeader.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//z.moatads.com/elsevierheader150204004183/moatheader.js';
            document.head.appendChild(moatHeader);
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    async function gpt_CheckForMOATInit() {
        //Check every 1/10 of a second until MOAT is Loaded or 1 second timeout
        if (gpt_MOATInitAttempts < gpt_MaxMOATInitAttempts) {
            gpt_MOATInitAttempts += 1;
            if (typeof window.moatPrebidApi === "object") {
                //MOAT LOADED
                gptMoatInit_Debug = '0.0' + gpt_MOATInitAttempts + ' seconds';
                gpt_CheckForMOATReady();
            }
            else {
                setTimeout(() => { gpt_CheckForMOATInit(); }, 100);
            }
        }
        else {
            //TIMEOUT: MOAT Not LOADED
            gptMoatInit_Debug = 'Timeout Expired';
            var googletag = googletag || {};
            googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];
            gpt_CheckForContextualReady();
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_CheckForMOATReady() {
        //Check every 1/10 of a second until MOAT is Ready or 1 second timeout
        if (gpt_MOATReadyAttempts < gpt_MaxMOATReadyAttempts) {
            gpt_MOATReadyAttempts += 1;
            if (window.moatPrebidApi.safetyDataAvailable()) {
                //MOAT Ready
                gptMoatReady_Debug = '0.0' + gpt_MOATReadyAttempts + " seconds";
                gpt_CheckForContextualReady();
            }
            else {
                setTimeout(() => { gpt_CheckForMOATReady(); }, 100);
            }
        }
        else {
            //TIMEOUT: MOAT Not Ready
            gptMoatReady_Debug = 'Timeout Expired';
            gpt_CheckForContextualReady();
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_CheckForContextualReady() {
        //Check every 1/10 of a second until Contextual is Ready or 2 second timeout
        if (gpt_IsProd) {
            if (gpt_ContextualReadyAttempts < gpt_MaxContextualReadyAttempts) {
                gpt_ContextualReadyAttempts += 1;
                if (gpt_ContextualReady) {
                    //Contextual Ready
                    gptContextualURL_Debug = gpt_ContextualURL;
                    gptContextualReady_Debug = '0.0' + gpt_ContextualReadyAttempts + " seconds";
                    gptContextualInit_Debug = gs_channels;
                    gpt_InitAds();
                }
                else {
                    setTimeout(() => { gpt_CheckForContextualReady(); }, 100);
                }
            }
            else {
                //LOG TIMEOUT error
                //REMOVE FOR NOW (SHOULD LOG TO A DIFF LOCATION)
                //TIMEOUT: Contextual Not Ready
                gptContextualURL_Debug = gpt_ContextualURL;
                gptContextualReady_Debug = 'Timeout Expired';
                gptContextualInit_Debug = "";
                gpt_InitAds();
            }
        }
        else {
            gptContextualURL_Debug = gpt_ContextualURL;
            gptContextualReady_Debug = 'Not enabled outside of Production';
            gptContextualInit_Debug = 'Not enabled outside of Production';
            gpt_InitAds();
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function GPT_GetPageByURL() {
        var host = window.location.host.toLocaleLowerCase()
        var localpath = window.location.pathname.toLocaleLowerCase();

        ///Check for Cell.com
        if (host.indexOf('cell.com') >= 0) {
            return null;
        }

        ///Check for Cell.com (marlin-stag)
        if (host.indexOf('www-cell-com') >= 0) {
            return null;
        }

        ///Check for Lancet
        if (host.indexOf('thelancet') >= 0) {
            return null;
        }

        if (localpath.indexOf('/article/') >= 0) {
            return 'article.fulltext';
        }

        if (localpath.indexOf('/action/dosearch') >= 0) {
            return 'search.searchResults';
        }

        if (localpath.indexOf('/content/') >= 0) {
            return 'periodical.editorial';
        }

        return 'periodical.home';
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_CheckForNULL(x, valueifnull) {
        if (typeof valueifnull == "undefined") {
            valueifnull = null;
        }

        if (typeof x == 'undefined') {
            return valueifnull;
        }
        if (x == null) {
            return valueifnull;
        }
        if (x == "null") {
            return valueifnull;
        }
        if ($.trim(x) == '') {
            return valueifnull;
        }

        return x;
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_GetAdditionalTargeting() {
        //adds page level targeting of custom variables
        //the id (minus gpt) and the value will be used as a key-value pair
        //eg: <input type="hidden" id="gptissuepii" value="x" class="gpt-Target">
        //eg: target issuepii=x
        $(".gpt-Target").each(function (index) {
            var gptTargetId = $(this).attr('id');
            gptTargetId = gptTargetId.replace('gpt', '').toLowerCase();
            if (gptTargetId !== '') {
                gpt_Target(gptTargetId);
            }
        })
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_GetQuerystring(key, default_) {
        //function to read querystring variables
        if (default_ === null) default_ = '';
        key = key.replace(/[\[]/, "\\\[").replace(/[\]]/, "\\\]");
        var regex = new RegExp("[\\?&]" + key + "=([^&#]*)");
        var qs = regex.exec(window.location.href);
        if (qs === null)
            return default_;
        else
            return qs[1];
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_GetDFPTestId() {
        //Get any request for a test id from querystring and set custom targeting parameter
        var gptDFPTestId = gpt_GetQuerystring('dfptestid', '');
        if (gptDFPTestId !== '') {
            $('#gpt-Variables').append('<input type="hidden" id="gptDFPTestId">');
            $('#gptDFPTestId').val(gptDFPTestId);
            gpt_Target("DFPTestId");
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_Target(targetName) {
        //Set page level target if value is found
        if ($('#gpt' + targetName).length > 0) {
            var targetValue = $('#gpt' + targetName).val();

            if (targetValue !== '') {
                targetValue = targetValue.replace(/[^-a-z0-9]/ig, '');	//Only Allow a-z, 0-9
                googletag.pubads().setTargeting(targetName.toLowerCase(), targetValue.toLowerCase());
                gptCustomTargeting_Debug = gptCustomTargeting_Debug + targetName.toLowerCase() + ' = ' + targetValue.toLowerCase() + '<br>';
            }
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_TargetAccessType() {
        var currentAccessType = $('#gptAccessType').val();
        if (typeof currentAccessType == "undefined") {
            currentAccessType = "";
        }
        if (currentAccessType.indexOf('ANON_IP') >= 0) {
            googletag.pubads().setTargeting("loggedin", "yes");
        }
        else {
            gpt_Target("LoggedIn");
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    async function gpt_PreTearsheet(adTypeId) {
        if (typeof adTypeId === "undefined") {
            adTypeId = 0;
        }
        //Remove Elsevier Cookie Policy Notice
        if ($("#onetrust-consent-sdk").length > 0) {
            $("#onetrust-consent-sdk").remove();
        }

        //JBS Modals
        if ($('.leadinModal').length > 0) {
            $('.leadinModal').remove();
        }
        if ($('.leadinModal').length > 0) {
            $('.leadinModal').remove();
        }
        if ($('.usabilla__overlay').length > 0) {
            $('.usabilla__overlay').remove();
        }

        //Pendo
        if ($('._pendo-step-container').length > 0) {
            $('._pendo-step-container').remove();
        }
        if ($('._pendo-guide-tt_').length > 0) {
            $('._pendo-guide-tt_').remove();
        }
        if ($('._pendo-image').length > 0) {
            $('._pendo-image').remove();
        }
        if ($('._pendo-badge-image').length > 0) {
            $('._pendo-badge-image').remove();
        }

        switch (gpt_AdFile) {
            case "JBS":
            case "Lancet":
                objLeaderboard = ".container-leaderboard";
                offset = 53;
                switch (parseInt(adTypeId)) {
                    case 3: //MPU
                    case 4: //SkyScraper
                        //BUGFIX: Show Sidebar ad for JBS
                        //skyscraper & mpu
                        if ($('.widget-verticalAd').length > 0) {
                            $('.widget-verticalAd').css('display', 'block');
                        }
                        $('#backgroundLayer').css('display', 'none');   //Hide any Prestitial
                        break;
                    case 6:     //Prestitial
                        $('#backgroundLayer').css('display', 'block');
                        break;
                    default:
                        $('#backgroundLayer').css('display', 'none');   //Hide any Prestitial
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_Sleep(ms) {
        return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    async function gpt_ScrollToAd(adTypeId) {
        if (typeof adTypeId === "undefined") {
            adTypeId = 0;
        }
        var adId = "";
        var offset = 0;
        var objLeaderboard = "";
        var gpt_ScrollToAd = true;

        switch (gpt_AdFile) {
            case "PU": //PracticeUpdate
                var hideOtherAds = true;
                $('#modalPrestitial').modal('hide');
                $('.jumbotron-welcome').hide();
                objLeaderboard = ".container-leaderboard";
                offset = 53;
                switch (parseInt(adTypeId)) {
                    case 2:
                        //LeaderBoard, no Scroll Needed
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        adId = "adSlot1";
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        //MPU
                        adId = "adSlot2";
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        //SkyScraper
                        adId = "adSlot3";
                        $('.most-read').hide();
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        //Mobile, no Scroll Needed
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        adId = "adSlot1";
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        //Interstitial
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        adId = "adSlot15";
                        await gpt_Sleep(1000);
                        $(objLeaderboard).hide();
                        $('#modalPrestitial').unbind();
                        $('#modalPrestitial').modal();
                        break;
                    case 7:
                        //Native Ad
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        //Master Companion
                        hideOtherAds = false;
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                    default:
                        //Unknown Ad Type
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        adId = "adSlot1";
                        break;
                }
                if (hideOtherAds) {
                    //Hide all other ads
                    $('.ad-container').each(function (i, obj) {
                        if (this.id !== adId) {
                            var tempParent = this.id;
                            tempParent = tempParent.replace("adSlot", "adParent");
                            $("#" + tempParent).addClass('hide');
                        }
                    });
                }
                break;
            case "JBS":
                objLeaderboard = ".js__adToHide";
                offset = 80;
                switch (parseInt(adTypeId)) {
                    case 2:
                        //Leaderboard
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        $(".widget-verticalAd").hide();
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        //Mobile
                        //Scroll to Top
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                    case 3: //MPU
                    case 4: //SkyScraper
                        $(objLeaderboard).hide();
                        adId = $('.gpt-ad-defined[data-adsize="sidebar"').attr('id');
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        //MasterCompanion
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                    case 13:	    //Phone - Portrait
                    case 14:        //Phone - Landscape
                        $(objLeaderboard).hide();
                        offset = 60;
                        adId = 'gpt-Interscroller';
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        //Unknown Ad Type
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case "CellJournal":
            case "CellBucket":
                objLeaderboard = ".js__adToHide";
                offset = 260;
                switch (parseInt(adTypeId)) {
                    case 2:
                        //Leaderboard
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        $('.body-verticalAd').hide();
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        //Mobile
                        //Scroll to Top
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                    case 3: //MPU
                    case 4: //SkyScraper
                        $(objLeaderboard).hide();
                        adId = $('.gpt-ad-defined[data-adsize="boombox"').attr('id');
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        //MasterCompanion
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                    default:
                        //Unknown Ad Type
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                }
                //Hide the second ad if found
                var tCount = 0;
                $(".widget.literatumAd.none.GPT-ad-placeholder.widget-horizontalAd.widget-compact-all").each(function (index) {
                    tCount += 1;
                    if (tCount !== 1) {
                        $(this).hide();
                    }
                });
                break;
            case "Lancet":
                objLeaderboard = ".js__adToHide";
                offset = 80;
                switch (parseInt(adTypeId)) {
                    case 2:
                        //Leaderboard
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        $('.body-verticalAd').hide();
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        //Mobile
                        //Scroll to Top
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                    case 3: //MPU
                    case 4: //SkyScraper
                        $(objLeaderboard).hide();
                        adId = $('.gpt-ad-defined[data-adsize="skyscraper"').attr('id');
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        //MasterCompanion
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                    default:
                        //Unknown Ad Type
                        gpt_ScrollToAd = false;
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }

        //Scroll to Top
        var gpt_container = $("html,body");
        gpt_container.animate({ scrollTop: 0, scrollLeft: 0 });

        if (gpt_ScrollToAd) {
            //If Adexists, scroll to it
            var gpt_scrollTo = $('#' + adId);
            if (gpt_scrollTo.length > 0) {
                //Scroll to the Ad
                var gpt_topPosition = gpt_scrollTo.offset().top - gpt_container.offset().top + gpt_container.scrollTop();
                if (gpt_topPosition > 0) {
                    gpt_container.animate({ scrollTop: gpt_topPosition, scrollLeft: 0 });
                    if (gpt_topPosition - offset > 0 && offset > 0) {
                        gpt_container.animate({ scrollTop: gpt_topPosition - offset, scrollLeft: 0 });
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    async function gpt_CheckForCookiePolicy() {
        var returnVal = false;
        if ($('#onetrust-accept-btn-handler').length > 0) {
            $('#onetrust-accept-btn-handler').click();
            returnVal = true;
        }
        return returnVal;
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_InitAds() {
        var isJBSResponsiveHomepage = false;

        if (gpt_AdFile === "JBS") {
            var gpt_InterScrollerEnabled = false;
            var gpt_InterScrollerInsertObj;

            //Responsive Check
            if ($('#hdrHomeBrand').length > 0) {
                isJBSResponsiveHomepage = true;
            }

            if ($("#articleHeader").length > 0) {
                //It's an article Page
                if ($('.article__sections > section').length > 0) {
                    gpt_InterScrollerEnabled = true;
                    gpt_InterScrollerInsertObj = $(".article__sections > section");
                }
            }
            else {
                if ($('.toc__section').length > 0) {
                    //It's a TOC Page
                    gpt_InterScrollerEnabled = true;
                    gpt_InterScrollerInsertObj = $(".toc__section").first();
                }
            }

            //Add the Interscroller
            if (gpt_InterScrollerEnabled) {
                gpt_InterScrollerInsertObj.first().append($("#gpt-Interscroller").clone());
                $("#gpt-Interscroller").remove();
                $(".gpt-adinterscroller").addClass("gpt-ad");
            }
        }

        googletag.cmd.push(function () {
            var gptBoomBoxSizeMapping;
            var gptFluidMapping;
            var gptHomePageSidebarMapping;
            var gptInterscrollerMapping;
            var gptLeaderboardSizeMapping;
            var gptMobileSizeMapping;
            var gptPrestitialMapping;
            var gptRectangleShortSizeMapping;
            var gptRectangleSizeMapping;
            var gptSideBarSizeMapping;
            var gptTallSizeMapping;
            var gptWideSizeMapping;
            var gptWideRectangleSizeMapping;

            //***********************************************
            //Start Define Size mapping based on client Viewport
            //***********************************************
            if (gpt_AdFile === 'PU') {
                gptTallSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([992, 0], [[300, 600], [160, 600], [120, 600]]).
                    addSize([0, 0], []).
                    build();

                gptRectangleSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([992, 0], [[300, 250]]).
                    addSize([0, 0], []).
                    build();

                gptRectangleShortSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([992, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50]]).
                    addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50]]).
                    build();

                gptWideSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([992, 0], [[728, 90]]).
                    addSize([760, 0], [[728, 90], [320, 50], [300, 50]]).
                    addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50], [300, 50]]).
                    build();

                gptWideRectangleSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([992, 0], []).
                    addSize([760, 0], [[320, 50], [300, 50], [300, 250]]).
                    addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50], [300, 50], [300, 250]]).
                    build();

                gptMobileSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50], [300, 50]]).
                    build();

                gptFluidMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([0, 0], ['fluid']).
                    build();

                gptPrestitialMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([760, 0], [[1, 1]]).
                    build();
            }
            else {
                //JBS-CELL-LANCET
                gptLeaderboardSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([992, 0], [[728, 90]]). 						// Desktop
                    addSize([768, 0], [[728, 90]]). 								// Tablet Landscape
                    addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50], [300, 50]]). 						// Phone & Tablet Portrait
                    build();

                gptHomePageSidebarMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([2090, 795], [[300, 600], [300, 250], [160, 600], [120, 600]]).
                    addSize([1910, 795], [[160, 600], [120, 600]]).
                    addSize([0, 0], []).
                    build();

                gptSideBarSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([1140, 795], [[300, 600], [160, 600], [120, 600], [300, 250]]). 	// SkyScraper - Desktop (Require min 630 vertical)
                    addSize([1140, 445], [[300, 250]]).			 				// BoomBox Fall Back - Desktop (Require min 280 vertical)
                    addSize([0, 0], []). 										// Phone
                    build();

                gptBoomBoxSizeMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([768, 0], [[300, 250], [336, 280]]). 					// Desktop & Tablet Landscape
                    addSize([0, 0], []). 											// Phone
                    build();

                gptFluidMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([0, 0], ['fluid']).
                    build();

                gptPrestitialMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([600, 700], [[1, 1]]). 					// Desktop & Tablet Landscape
                    addSize([0, 0], []). 							// Phone
                    build();

                gptInterscrollerMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().
                    addSize([1140, 445], []).
                    addSize([1024, 768], [[1024, 768]]).
                    addSize([768, 1024], [[768, 1024]]).
                    addSize([480, 320], [[480, 320]]).
                    addSize([320, 480], [[320, 480]]).
                    build();
            }
            //***********************************************
            //End Define Size mapping based on client Viewport
            //***********************************************

            //***********************************************
            //Start detection for ad slots on page
            //***********************************************
            var gptMasterPage = gpt_CheckForNULL($('#gptPage').val());
            var gptMasterSite;

            if (gpt_AdFile === 'PU') {
                gptMasterSite = $('#gptSite').val();
            }
            else {
                //JBS-CELL-LANCET
                gptMasterSite = "dev";

                if (gpt_IsProd) {
                    gptMasterSite = gpt_CheckForNULL($('#gptSite').val());

                    //If there is no master site, check for a defaultsite
                    if (gptMasterSite == null) {
                        gptMasterSite = gpt_CheckForNULL($('#gptDefaultSite').val());
                    }
                }
                else {
                    //Dev ENV
                    //If the page has no gptSite Value, assume no value which will disable ads
                    if (gpt_CheckForNULL($('#gptSite').val()) === null) {
                        gptMasterSite = null;
                    }
                }

                //If there is no master Page, check for a Page using the URL
                if (gptMasterPage === null) {
                    gptMasterPage = GPT_GetPageByURL();
                }
            }

            $(".gpt-ad").each(function (index) {
                var gptPage = '';
                var adSizeMapping = '';
                var gptPOS;
                var gptTC;
                var gptNative;
                var adId;
                var gptSite;
                var tempSlot = null;

                if (gpt_IsProd) {
                    //Check if the ad slot has it's own site defined
                    if (typeof $(this).data('site') === 'undefined') {
                        gptSite = gptMasterSite;
                    }
                    else {
                        gptSite = gpt_CheckForNULL($(this).data('site'));
                    }
                }
                else {
                    gptSite = gptMasterSite;
                }

                if (gpt_AdFile === 'PU') {
                    adId = $(this).attr('id');
                }
                else {
                    //JBS-CELL-LANCET
                    adId = 'gpt-ad-' + index + 1;
                }

                if (gpt_CheckForNULL(gptSite) !== null) {
                    gptSite_Debug = gptSite;

                    gptPOS = parseInt($(this).data('pos')) || -1;
                    if (gptPOS === -1) {
                        gptPOS = index + 1;
                    }

                    //Check if the ad slot has it's own page defined
                    gptPage = $(this).data('page');
                    if (typeof gptPage === "undefined") {
                        //Use the Master Page
                        gptPage = gptMasterPage;
                    }

                    //If the page is not null, preceed it with a slash
                    if (gptPage !== null) {
                        gptPage = '/' + gptPage;
                    }
                    else {
                        gptPage = '';
                    }
                    gptPage_Debug = gptPage;


                    gptTC = $(this).data('tc');
                    if (typeof gptTC === "undefined") {
                        gptTC = '';
                    }

                    gptNative = $(this).data('native');
                    if (typeof gptNative === "undefined") {
                        gptNative = '';
                    }

                    //Determine sizemapping based on data-adsize
                    if (gpt_AdFile === 'PU') {
                        switch ($(this).data('adsize')) {
                            case 'tall':
                                adSizeMapping = gptTallSizeMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'rectangle':
                                adSizeMapping = gptRectangleSizeMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[300, 250]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'rectangleshort':
                                adSizeMapping = gptRectangleShortSizeMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'wide':
                                adSizeMapping = gptWideSizeMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[728, 90], [320, 50], [300, 50]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'widerectangle':
                                adSizeMapping = gptWideRectangleSizeMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[320, 50], [300, 50], [300, 250]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'mobile':
                                adSizeMapping = gptMobileSizeMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[320, 50], [300, 50]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'fluid':
                                adSizeMapping = gptFluidMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, 'fluid', adId);
                                break;
                            case 'prestitial':
                                adSizeMapping = gptPrestitialMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[1, 1]], adId);
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        //JBS-CELL-LANCET
                        switch ($(this).data('adsize')) {
                            case 'cell-leaderboard':
                            case 'leaderboard':
                                adSizeMapping = gptLeaderboardSizeMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[728, 90], [320, 50], [300, 50]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'bottom':
                                if (isJBSResponsiveHomepage) {
                                    adSizeMapping = gptHomePageSidebarMapping;
                                    tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600], [300, 250]], adId);
                                }
                                else {
                                    adSizeMapping = gptBoomBoxSizeMapping;
                                    tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[300, 250]], adId);
                                }
                                break;
                            case 'boombox':
                                adSizeMapping = gptBoomBoxSizeMapping;
                                if (gpt_AdFile === "CellJournal" || gpt_AdFile == "CellBucket") {
                                    tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[300, 250], [336, 280]], adId);
                                }
                                else {
                                    tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[300, 250]], adId);
                                }
                                break;
                            case 'interscroller':
                                adSizeMapping = gptInterscrollerMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[320, 480], [480, 320], [768, 1024], [1024, 768]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'sidebar':
                            case 'skyscraper':
                                adSizeMapping = gptSideBarSizeMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600], [300, 250]], adId);
                                break;
                            case 'native':
                            case 'fluid':
                                adSizeMapping = gptFluidMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, 'fluid', adId);
                                break;
                            case 'prestitial':
                                adSizeMapping = gptPrestitialMapping;
                                tempSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/6053/els.' + gptSite + gptPage, 'fluid', adId);
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                //Ignore any invalid adsizes that could be on the page
                if (adSizeMapping !== '') {
                    $(this).addClass('gpt-ad-defined');
                    if (gpt_AdFile !== 'PU') {
                        $(this).attr('id', adId);
                    }
                    tempSlot.defineSizeMapping(adSizeMapping).addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pos", gptPOS);

                    if (gptTC !== '') {
                        tempSlot.setTargeting("tc", gptTC);
                    }
                    if (gptNative !== '') {
                        tempSlot.setTargeting("native", gptNative);
                    }
                    gptEvent_Debug = gptEvent_Debug + $(this).data('adsize') + ' Requested<br>';
                }
                else {
                    gptInvalidAdSize_Debug = gptInvalidAdSize_Debug + "Invalid Size Found: " + $(this).data('adsize') + '<br>';
                    $(this).remove();
                }
            });
            if (gpt_CheckForNULL(gptInvalidAdSize_Debug) === null) {
                gptInvalidAdSize_Debug = "None Detected";
            }
            //***********************************************
            //End detection for ad slots on page
            //***********************************************

            //***********************************************
            //Start page level targeting
            //***********************************************
            if (gpt_AdFile !== 'PU') {
                //Logged in or IP Access
                gpt_TargetAccessType();

                //Check for Screenshot Client
                gpt_CheckSSC();
            }

            //Check for DFP Test
            gpt_GetDFPTestId();

            //Check for Additional Targeting
            gpt_GetAdditionalTargeting();

            if (gpt_IsProd) {
                var gpt_ContextualRetry = false;
                //Check for Contextual Targeting
                if (gs_channels !== "DEFAULT") {
                    var gpt_ContextualCategories = Array.from(gs_channels);
                    for (var i = 0; i < gpt_ContextualCategories.length; i++) {
                        if (gpt_ContextualCategories[i] == 'gx_retry') {
                            gpt_ContextualRetry = true;
                        }
                        if (!gpt_ContextualCategories[i].startsWith("custom_")) {
                            //Remove any tag that is not custom
                            gpt_ContextualCategories.splice(i, 1);
                            i--;
                        }
                        else {
                            //Strip the 'custom_' from the tag
                            gpt_ContextualCategories[i] = gpt_ContextualCategories[i].replace("custom_", "")
                        }
                    }
                    if (gpt_ContextualCategories.length > 0) {
                        googletag.pubads().setTargeting("gs_cat", gpt_ContextualCategories);
                    }
                    else {
                        gpt_ContextualCategories = 'none';
                    }
                    if (gpt_ContextualRetry) {
                        gpt_ContextualCategories = "*Indexing*";
                    }
                    gptContextualResult_Debug = gpt_ContextualCategories;
                }
                else {
                    gptContextualResult_Debug = 'No segments found';
                }
            }
            else {
                //Not Prod
                gptContextualResult_Debug = 'Not enabled outside of Production';
                var gpt_DevSite = gpt_CheckForNULL($('#gptSite').val(), "dev");
                $('#gpt-Variables').append('<input type="hidden" id="gptEnvironment" value="' + gpt_DevSite + '">');
                gpt_Target("Environment");
            }
            //***********************************************
            //End page level targeting
            //***********************************************

            //Enable google dfp services
            if (parseInt($('#gptLazyLoading').val()) === 1) {
                googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({
                    fetchMarginPercent: 200,
                    renderMarginPercent: 0,
                    mobileScaling: 2.0
                });
            }
            else {
                googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();
            }

            //Add Listener for RenderEnded
            googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function (event) {
                if (!event.isEmpty) {
                    if (typeof LocalAdLoaded === "function") {
                        LocalAdLoaded(event);
                    }
                    if (isJBSResponsiveHomepage) {
                        if (typeof positionAd === "function") {
                            positionAd();
                        }
                    }
                    if (event.size[0] == "480" || event.size[1] == "480") {
                        $('.gpt-InScrollBox').css('display', 'block');
                        gptEvent_Debug = gptEvent_Debug + 'Interscroller ' + event.size + ' rendered: ' + gpt_GetElapsedTime() + '<br>';
                    }
                    else {
                        gptEvent_Debug = gptEvent_Debug + event.size + ' rendered: ' + gpt_GetElapsedTime() + '<br>';
                    }

                }
            });

            if (gpt_AdFile !== 'PU') {
                googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();
            }
            googletag.enableServices();

            //Populate Defined Ad Slots
            $(".gpt-ad-defined").each(function (index) {
                var adId = $(this).attr('id');
                googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display(adId); });
            });

            gptStatus_Debug = 'GPT Complete';
        });
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_DisplayDebug() {
        //Clone the template and append to Body
        $(document.body).append($('#gpt-DebugDiv').clone());
        $('#gpt-DebugDiv').remove();

        //Populate the Values
        gpt_LoadDebugValues();

        //Display and scroll to debug section
        $('.gpt-DebugDiv').css('display', 'block');
        window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_LoadDebugValues() {
        $('.gpt-DebugBtn').blur();
        $('.gptVersion_Debug').text(gpt_Version);
        $('.gptAdFile_Debug').html(gpt_AdFile);
        $('.gptEvent_Debug').html(gptEvent_Debug);
        $('.gptCustomTargeting_Debug').html(gptCustomTargeting_Debug);
        $('.gptSite_Debug').text(gptSite_Debug);
        $('.gptContextualResult_Debug').text(gptContextualResult_Debug);
        $('.gptContextualInit_Debug').text(gptContextualInit_Debug);
        $('.gptContextualURL_Debug').text(gptContextualURL_Debug);
        $('.gptContextualReady_Debug').text(gptContextualReady_Debug);
        $('.gptMoatReady_Debug').text(gptMoatReady_Debug);
        $('.gptMoatInit_Debug').text(gptMoatInit_Debug);
        $('.gptTestENV_Debug').text(gptTestENV_Debug);
        $('.gptDisableAds_Debug').text(gptDisableAds_Debug);
        $('.gptStatus_Debug').text(gptStatus_Debug);
        $('.gptPage_Debug').text(gptPage_Debug);
        $('.gptInvalidAdSize_Debug').html(gptInvalidAdSize_Debug);
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_GrapeShotDebug() {
        $('.gpt-DebugBtn').blur();
        window.open("http://admin-elsevier.grapeshot.co.uk/custom/bookmarklet.cgi?blocking=1&vn=2&url=" + encodeURIComponent(document.location), "GRAPESHOT_POPUP", "width=650,height=600,scrollbars=yes,screenX=40,screenY=50,menubar=no,toolbar=no,resizable=yes", "Custom").focus();
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    function gpt_ShowConsole() {
        $('.gpt-DebugBtn').blur();
        googletag.openConsole();
    }
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
</script>
        </div>

            
                </div>
            

        

    

        


    

            

            

            <div data-widget-id="53023812-5eb3-476f-8922-6f6f95be0a5c" data-widget-name="ux3-layout-widget"><header class="header base fixed">
    

        


    

                
                
                
                
                
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                        
                        
                        
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                    
                
                
                
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                <div class="wrapped " >
                    
                    <div class="widget-body body body-horizontalAd "><div class="horizontalAdContainer">
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            <div data-widget-id="3bd430f7-bd17-4546-89a2-5b0ca3b18cdf" data-widget-name="ux3-layout-widget"><div class="col-xs-4 col-lg-6 journal-logos-wrapper">
    

        


    

            

            
                <div class="journal-logos">
            

            <span data-widget-id="ecdbcba0-b4aa-4389-a4c7-33705333b11e" data-widget-name="ux3-general-image"><a href="/home" title="Ophthalmology Retina home"><img alt="Ophthalmology Retina home" src=" /pb-assets/ux3/logos/ha/oret-1592350710030.svg"/></a></span>

            
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            <span data-widget-id="e073f87e-9f5b-4323-b64f-bed2d4d889d8" data-widget-name="ux3-general-image"><a href="https://www.aao.org" title="AAO"><img alt="AAO" src="//els-jbs-prod-cdn.jbs.elsevierhealth.com/pb-assets/ux3/logos/ha/aao-1592350709737.png"/></a></span>

            
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