35 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A RESEARCH DESIGN BEFORE

CHAPTER 11 OECD AVERAGE AND OECD TOTAL BOX
 CONTENTS PREFACE IX INTRODUCTION 1 REFERENCES 5 CHAPTER
 NRC INSPECTION MANUAL NMSSDWM MANUAL CHAPTER 2401 NEAR‑SURFACE

32 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS IN THIS CHAPTER A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 13 MULTILEVEL ANALYSES BOX 132 STANDARDISATION OF
CHAPTER 6 COMPUTATION OF STANDARD ERRORS BOX 61

CHAPTER III

35


CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY


A. Research Design

Before going to the point of research, it is better to know first the definition of research. Sukardi states that research is “way of observation or inquiry and has the purpose to look for answer of problems or process of finding out, either discovery or invention.”1

There are many kinds of research design based on the characteristic research, such as historical research, descriptive research, development research, and so on.

In this research the writer uses descriptive research. In descriptive research a researcher is exploring, and describing, with the purpose to explain and predict a phenomena based on the data acquired in the field. Descriptive research is only trying to draw clearly and sequentially towards the questions of research which had been determined before researcher come to the field.2

S

26

uharsimi says that descriptive studies are designed to obtain the current status of phenomena and are directed toward determining the nature of situation as it exists at the time of the study.3

The researcher concludes that descriptive research is designed to give information and clear illustration about social situation with the objective of descriptive research. In this case the point of descriptive research is to collect and accumulate the basic data in descriptive way or it intent to make description about problem of English teaching and learning.

The research designed used by the researcher is descriptive design with qualitative approach. According to Ahmad Tanzeh, descriptive quantitative is the research that the data is number and use deductive-inductive.4

The researcher server the data in number to describe the observed object by using statistic. It intents to make description about the problems of English teaching learning to the students of SDN 2 Karangrejo, so this research emphasize on trying to find out the linguistic (vocabulary and pronunciation) and non linguistic (psychological, sociological, society environment problems of students and teacher selecting technique, media, method and mastering material).

Qualitative research method is the research method which based on post postpositivisme filsafat, used to research in object conition is naturally (in opposite is experiment) which the researcher is key of instrument.5

Borg and Gall 1988 states “Qualitative research is much more difficult to do well than quantitative research because the data are usually subjective and the main measurement tool for collecting data is the investigator himself”.6

B. Setting and Subject of the Study

1. Place and Times of the Study

Sukardi states that the place of research is “place where the process of study which is used to get the problem solving of research.7 Here, the place of the research was SDN 2 Karangrejo Jln. Raya Manikoro Rt 23 RW 07 Kampak District, Trenggalek Regency, and post Code 66373. the time of study is May up to June 2010.

2. Subject of the Research

In this research the researcher does not take population theory, but takes subject of the research as source of research information those are all students for first until fifth class and 1 English teacher, where students as respondents and 1 English teacher as main informant. Clearly, subject of the research here are students and English teacher at the first class until fifth class of SDN 2 Karangrejo Kampak.


C. Kinds of Data and Data Source

There are two kinds of Data : Primary and Secondary data. Data is something important in the research. The sources of Data are subject where data can be gotten.8

According to Saifuddin, data is classified into two, they are :

1. Primary Data

Primary data is the data that is collected directly from subject of the research by using tool of measurement or taken directly from subject. Primary data consist of two points of problematic, those are the students and teacher’s problem in teaching and learning English. Its taken directly from the students themselves and English teacher.

2. Secondary Data

Secondary data is the data collected by other source. It’s not directly gotten by researcher from the subject of the research.9

The secondary data of this research consist of some information or data to complete the primary data which still have connection such as :

The history o school, the name of the students, data of the teachers, the structure organization, English teaching and learning process. These data taken from documentation and interview with headmaster and English teacher and of course observation in and out of the classroom and out the classroom.


D. Population

According to Suharsimi Arikunto, Population is “the whole of the research”. The population of this research Is all students of the first until fifth class at SDN 2 Karangrejo, Kampak, Trenggalek.


Suharsimi Arikunto says that :

“Just only estimate if the subjects are less than 100, it will be better take all of subject, so the research is population research”.10

Because the population is not to large, the researcher did not use sampling is a part of population that is observed. As the researcher said before, because the subject is not to large, they are all students, so the researcher uses all the population as the subject of research (population research).


E. Variable

Variable is all object of the research.11To obtain preciously, it is necessary to identify the variable. This study includes single variable. That is the problems in English teaching learning.

The variable has two sub variables, they are :

  1. The teacher’s problems in English teaching.

  2. The student’s problems in English learning.


F. Methods and Instrument

The data collecting methods and instrument are needed to obtain the research data. The aim of data collecting in conducting scientific research is to get the materials needed. The materials must relate each other and can found through questionnaire, interview observation, document ion etc. The main methods of this research are questionnaire and interview. The interview and questionnaire will be done at same time. There are explanations of application the method of collecting data practically.

  1. Questionnaire

Questionnaire is written questions about used to get information from subjects about them selves or the other. They will be done by the students about their problems and related, information. The aim of questionnaire is to get information about the student’s problems in English learning.

There are two types of questionnaire based on the way to answer of questionnaire. They are opened questionnaire and closed questionnaire, because the respondents just choose the answers. The types of questions are multiple choice, there are questions about linguistic problems and non linguistic problems.

  1. Interview

Interview is a dialog that is done by interviewer to get information. In this research, the interview will be done by the researcher with the headmaster, the English teacher and students directly.

The person who where interviewed by the researcher are :

  1. The Headmaster

The researcher interviewed the headmaster to know the geographical location and etc.

  1. The English Teacher

For this case, the researcher interviewed the English teacher to ask about everything that deals with the way in teaching learning process.

  1. Students

The researcher interviewed the students to complete or add what students answers in questionnaire.

  1. Observation

Observation is the way to get data by using sign system without standard tool to need it.12 It is used to get data of English teaching learning process. In this research, the researcher uses direct observation, the instrument to collect the data is the observation guide (see appendix II ).

  1. Documentation

Document is written the data is used and important thing.13 Documentation method is data collecting method used by the researcher by using written object. She will take data from some related documents. They are the students and the English teacher’s data.





G. Data Analysis

The technique of data analysis is the way data to be analyzed by the researcher. The techniques of data analysis in this researcher are qualitative and quantitative data analysis.

1. The analysis technique of qualitative data.

Suharsimi Arikunto states that qualitative data is explained by words or symbol. The qualitative data is analyzed by inductive method.

The inductive method is thinking method from the specific fact to general conclusion. Safuddin Azwar states that inductive method is the process to organize the fact or the result of observation to be a set of connection or a generalization.14 It means that the writes presents the problems specifically then make general conclusion.

2. Quantitative data analysis

Quantitative data analysis is by using. Statistic method. The procedure of data analyzes :

  1. Editing

Use to control data that has been connected from student answer of questionnaire.




  1. Scoring

Based on students score, the researcher considers descriptive qualification. There are : firstly grading of multiple choice, questions as follow ;

Score : 4 for A

Score : 2 for B

Score : 2 for A

Score : 1 for B

  1. Analyzing

In order to be able to present the valid question for measuring the linguistic problems (vocabulary and pronunciation) and non linguistic problems (psychological, Sociological, society environment), the writer gives multiple choice for students. Than analyze the percentage of problem researcher uses :

35 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A RESEARCH DESIGN BEFORE = 35 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A RESEARCH DESIGN BEFORE

Where : P : the problem percentage

F : The frequency (number of students fulfilling the

questionnaire).

N : Total number of the students.15

  1. Interpretation

And secondary are presentations problems, its come from the frequency score occurs divide all of respondent (student) multiple one hundred percent, than the criteria as follow :

No

Problem Presentation

Interpretation Data

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

If 81 – 100%

If 61 – 80%

If 41 – 60%

If 21 – 40%

If 0 – 20%

Highest

Higher

Enough

Lower

Lowest









1 Sukardi, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Kompetensi dan Praktiknya, (Jakarta : PT. Bumi Aksara, 2005), P. 3.

2 Sukardi, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Kompetensi dan Praktiknya....P. 14.

3 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Peneliian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik, (jakarta : Rineka Cipta, 2002), P. 42.

4 Ahmad Tanzeh, Metode Penelitian Praktis, (Tulungagung : P2M STAIN T.A, 2004), P. 39.

5 Prof. Dr. Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan R & D, (Bandung : CV Alfabeta, 2009), P.9.

6 Ibid, ...P. 213.

7 Sukardi, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Kompetensi dan Praktiknya..., P. 53.

8 Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik…, P. 129.

9 Ibid,…P. 91.

10 Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik,…P. 31.

11 Tanzeh, Metode Penelitian Praktik…, P. 15.

12 Tanzeh, Metode Penelitian Praktis…, P. 29.

13 Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik…, P. 158.

14 Azwar, Metode Penelitian..., P. 40.

15 Asyrof Syafi’i, Metodologi Penelitian, (Tulungagung : STAIN Tulungagung, 2007), Unpublished.


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