CHEMICAL BONDING DETERMINED BY THE FOLLOWING 1) OUTERMOST ELECTRONS

Chemical Bonding: Reflected in material properties

Chemical Bonding Determined by the Following:

1.) Outermost electrons or valence electrons

- interactions with other valence electrons from other elements result in bonding

2.) Clouds of negative matter

- either circular or polarized

3.) Electrons

- negative 1 charge with little mass

1.) Particle properties

- Bohr-Rutherford Theory

2.) Wave properties

- Debrolie 1924

- Solutions to wave equation (quantum mechanics)

Quantum numbers: n, l, m_l, m_s

n = primary or principle quantum number [i.e. n=1,2,3…]

l = shape of the orbitals [i.e. s (l=0); p (l=1); d (l=2); f (l=3)]

m_l = angular momentum; number of energy states per sub-orbital

m_s = spin up or down [i.e.  1/2,  1/2]

- Only 1 electron per quantum number

- No two electrons can occupy the same energy level, including spin

i.e. electron configuration of Iron, Fe: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁶4s²

- Properties are functions of chemical constituents and structure.

Chemical constituents

1.) Nature and size of the atoms

2.) Density of the electron structure

3.) Chemical Reactivity

4.) Chemical Bonding

Structure

1.) Atomic structure

2.) Microstructure

3.) Macrostructure