HOUSING DISCRIMINATION SPRING 2021 SYLLABUS (COMPLETE) NUMBERS IN PARENTHESES

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HOUSING DISCRIMINATION SPRING 2021 SYLLABUS

(COMPLETE)

Numbers in parentheses refer to pages in the course materials.

Numbers preceded by SS refer to pages in the Statutory Supplement.

Numbers preceded by IM refer to pages in the Information Memos.


UNIT I. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE & TO THE STATUTES

(Theories of Statutory Interpretation; Canons of Construction)

A. Introductory Material

1. Tentative Course Overview (IM1: 1-2)

2. Information about the Course (IM1: 2-8)

3. Information about the Instructor (IM1: 8-11)

4. Eskridge & Frickey: How a Bill Becomes Law (1-6)

B. History: Race Relations, Discrimination in Housing & Legal Regulation

1. 1492-1899 (Lectures)

2. 1900-1988

. a. Buchanan v. Warley (U.S. 1917) (6-10)

2. Shelley v. Kramer (U.S. 1948) (11-16)

3. Fajer, A Time for Reflection (1998) (16-19)

4. Jones v. Alfred E. Mayer & Co. (U.S. 1968) (Const. Qs) (19-24)

5. H.Rep. No. 100-711 (1988) (24-31)

C. Structure & Significance of Anti-Discrimination Law

1. Relevant Conduct/Decisions …

a. Sample Statutes & Regulations

i) 42 U.S.C. §§1981-82 (SS1)

ii) 42 U.S.C. §§3604-06, 3617 (SS3-5, 8)

iii) 24 CFR §§100.50-100.85, (SS11-16)

b. Discussion Questions 1.01-102 (32)

2. …Because of …

a. Kramarsky v. Stahl Management (N.Y. Sup. 1977) (32-33)

b. Discussion Questions 1.03-104 (33)

c. California Dreaming (or Hotel California or Californication)

i) Marina Point v. Wolfson (Cal. 1982) (33-38)

ii) Discussion Questions 1.05-109 (38-39)

iii) Review Problems 1A-1B (39)

3. … Protected Characteristics

a. Under the FHA Generally

i) 42 U.S.C. §§3602(k), 3604(a)(SS2. 3-4)

ii) Discussion Questions 1.10-1.12 (38-39)

b. Particular Concerns of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)

i) Sample Statutes & Regulations

(A) 42 U.S.C. §§3602(h), 3604(f) (SS2, 4-5)

(B) 24 CFR §§100.200-205 (SS16-22)

ii) Breaking Down Barriers (In-Class Video)

iii) Brightman, Ordinary Moments (PDFs of Chapters on course page)

iv) Exercise: Particular Concerns of Persons with Disabilities (40)

v) Contemporary Accounts (on course page)

4. FHA Defenses

a. Sample Statutes: 42 U.S.C. §§3603(b), 3607(a) & (b)(1) (SS3, 6)

b. Discussion Questions 1.13-1.15 (41)

D. Theories of Statutory Interpretation

1. Fuller, The Case of the Speluncean Explorers (1949) (41-57)

2. Discussion Questions 1.16-1.18 (57)

3. Blatt, Interpretive Communities [Overview] (2001) (58-64)

4. Discussion Question 1.19 (65)

E. Two Supreme Court Cases: History, Theory & Policy

1. “Maximum Number of Occupants”

a. City of Edmonds v. Oxford House (US 1995) (65-73)

b. Discussion Question 1.20-1.24 (73-74)

2. “Sex” under Title VII

a. Bostock v. Clayton County (U.S. 2020) (74-94)

b. Discussion Question 1.25-1.28 (95)

3. Canons of Construction

a. Blatt, Interpretive Communities [Rules for Statutory Interpretation] (2001) (95-98)

b. Exercise: Canons of Construction (98-99)


UNIT II. PROVING DISCRIMINATORY INTENT

(Statutory Drafting)

A. Direct Proof of Discriminatory Intent: Government Defendants

1. Introduction to Proof Issues (100)

2. Factors for Proving Intent for Government Defendants

a. Resident Advisory Board v. Rizzo (3d Cir. 1977) (101-10)

b. Discussion Questions 2.01-2.03 (111)

3. Gov’t Council Votes & Discriminatory Intent

a. Discussion Question 2.04 (111)

b. Scott-Harris v. City of Fall River (1st Cir. 1997) (112-15)

c Review Problem 2A (115-17)

B. Introduction to Statutory Drafting

1. Eskridge & Frickey, Legislative Drafting (118-22)

2. Dickerson, Materials on Legal Drafting (122-30)

3. Review Problems 2B-2C (131-32)

C. Direct Proof of Discriminatory Intent: Private Defendants

1. Sorenson v. Raymond (5th Cir. 1976)

a. Opinion (133-35)

b. Discussion Questions 2.05-2.07 (135)

2. Marable v. H. Walker & Associates (5th Cir. 1981)

a. Opinion (135-40)

d. Discussion Questions 2.08-2.09 (141)

D. The McDonnell-Douglas Burden Shift

1. Overview of the Burden Shift (141-43)

2. Asbury v. Brougham (10th Cir. 1989)

a. Opinion (143-46)

b. Discussion Questions 2.10-2.11 (146)

3. Frazier v. Rominger (2d Cir. 1994)

a. Opinion (146-50)

b. Discussion Questions 2.12-2.13 (150)

4. Pinchback v. Armistead Homes Corp. (4th Cir. 1990)

a. Opinion (150-54)

b. Discussion Questions 2.14-2.18 (154-55)

c. Review Problem 2D (155)







5. Cato v. Jilek (N.D. Ill. 1991)

a. Opinion (156-62)

b. Discussion Questions 2.19-2.20 (162)

. c. Note: The Special Problem of Mixed Motives (163)

d. Discussion Question 2.21 (163)

6. Discriminatory Intent by Private Defendants: Putting It Together

a. Evidence of Discriminatory Intent by Private Defendants (163-65)

b. Review Problem 2E (165-67)



UNIT III. CAUSES OF ACTION WITHOUT INTENT

(Legislative History)

A. Discriminatory Advertising

1. Statutes & Regulations

a. 42 U.S.C. §3604(c) (SS4)

b. 24 CFR §100.75 (SS14-15)

2. Determining Liability: The Ordinary Reader Test

a. Ragin v. N.Y. Times (2d Cir. 1991) (168-73)

b. Saunders v. Gen’l Servs. Corp. (E.D. Vir. 1987) (173-81)

c. Discussion Question 3.01-3.14 (181-83)

d. Sample Ads: Fajer Ad 1, Fajer Ad 2 (on course page)

e. Review Problems 3A-3C (183-85)

B. Reasonable Modifications & Accommodations

1. Overview & Reasonable Modifications Doctrine

a. Legislative History (H.Rep. 100-711) (24-31) (Review)

b. Reasonable Modifications: Statutes & Regulations

i) 42 U.S.C. §3604(f) (3)(A) (SS4)

ii) 24 CFR §100.203 (SS19-20)

C. U.S. v. Freer (W.D.N.Y. 1994) (186-87)

c. Discussion Questions 3.15-3.17 (188)

2. Reasonable Accommodations

a. Statutes & Regulations

i) 42 U.S.C. §3604(f) (3)(B) (SS5)

ii) 24 CFR §100.204 (SS20)

b. Shapiro v. Cadman Towers (2d Cir. 1995) (188-93)

c. Discussion Questions 3.18-3.22 (194)

d. Congdon v. Strine (E.D. Penn. 1994)(194-97)

e. Discussion Question 3.23 (197)

f. Review Problems 3D-3E (197-200)

3. The Special Problem of Assistance Animals

a. Overview of ADA Regulations re Service Animals (201-02)

b. Overview of FHA Regulations re Assistance Animals (203)

c. Link to HUD Extended Guidance re Assistance Animals (204)

d. Discussion Question 3.24 (204)

C. Introduction to Legislative History

1. Note: Using Legislative History … (204-06)

2. Discussion Question 3.25 (206)



UNIT IV. DEFINITIONAL QUESTIONS



A. “Race” under the Civil Rights Act of 1866

1. Review 42 U.S.C. §§1981-82 (SS1)

2. Note: Background & MacDonald (207-10)

3. “Race” as Ethnicity

a. St. Francis College v. Al-Khazraji (U.S. 1987) (207-)

b. Discussion Questions 4.01-4:04 (210-11)

b. Shaare Tefila Congregation v. Cobb (U.S. 1987) (211-12)

c. Discussion Questions 4.05-4:07 (212)

4. Local Application

a. Cardona v. American Express (S.D. Fla. 1989) (212-13)

b. Discussion Questions 4.08-4.10 (213-14)

5. Review Problem 4A (214-15)

B. “Dwelling” and Shared Living Spaces under the FHA

1. 42 U.S.C. §3603(b)(2) (SS3) (Review)

2. Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com (9th Cir. 2012) (216-19)

3. Discussion Question 4.11-4.14 (219)

4. Review Problem 4B (220-21)

C. Epilogue: Key, The Star-Spangled Banner (1814) (221)







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