Topic/Objective:

Revolution/War for Independence (p. 75-98)

Essential Question:

How did Americans win the war for independence?

Reduce & then Recite

(Create questions which elicit critical thinking/Write questions directly across from the answers in your notes)

Record for Review

• Write headings, key words, and vocabulary in colored pencil (or highlight!)

• Take sufficient notes with selective (not too much verbiage) & accurate paraphrasing

Use bulleted lists and abbreviations

• Correctly sequence information

Q) How did the Americans declare independence?

Q) (Create your own)

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q) What early challenges did the colonists face?

Q) (Create your own)

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Vocabulary:

• revolution: refers to a movement, often violent to overthrow an old regime and effect complete fundamental change in the fundamental institutions of society

• blockade: seal off (a place) to prevent people or goods from entering or leaving

• mercenary: a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army

• guerrilla: a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces

• siege: a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling those inside to surrender

Declaring Independence

• Following the outbreak of fighting at Lexington & Concord, a British writer published a pamphlet called ___________________________which convinced many colonists of the need for _______________________________ (pg. 77)

• Colonial leaders selected a committee to draft an official declaration of independence from ____________________________ (pg. 78)

• Committee of John Adams, Ben Franklin, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman worked with ________________________________ in writing the document

• The purpose of the document was to explain to the world why the colonies were ___________________________________ from Britain

• On July 2, Congress voted to make the colonies free and independent, and on ____________________________, the finished Declaration of Independence was presented and signed by colonial leaders (p. 79)

• There was no going back- should the Americans lose the war, the colonial leaders would likely be hung for __________________________

Early Course of War

• Colonists began the war greatly _____________________________ against Britain

• Britain had possibly the strongest military in the world at the time, and the colonies only had local ___________________________ for defense

• However, an early British victory, at Bunker Hill, at which they suffered huge losses, gave belief to _________________ that they could _______________ the British (pg. 75)

• The colonists were driven from New York in summer of 1776 following the ____________________________________ (pg. 82)

• __________________________ led a sneak attack on Christmas morning in 1776, famously crossing the Delaware River to capture a camp of German Hessians (____________________) for the Continental Army’s biggest victory to date (pg. 83)

• By winter of 1777, the Continental Army was exhausted, and spent the winter at _______________________________ in Pennsylvania

• The ________________________________ spent the winter of 1777 starving, freezing, and training for the second half of the war…. (pg. 89)

Reduce & Recite

Record for Review

Q) In what ways did women contribute to the war effort?

Q) What options did African-Americans have during the war?

Q) (Create Your Own)

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q) How did Americans win the Battle of Yorktown?

Contributions to War Effort

Women (pg. 90)

• Many women _________ with the armies to care for wounded, wash clothes and cook

• Other women took over additional __________ at home, running ___________ and _____________________________ to support the cause while men were away

African- Americans (pg. 91)

• A.A. were not allowed in the _____________________________ at first, but after Britain offered freedom to those who fought on their side, ___________________ ________________________ lobbied the Continental Congress to change the policy

• _______________ would serve in the army, and ______________ in the navy

• Some (especially in the south) fled to the British who had already banned ___________

• Others hoped the _______________________ would bring the end of slavery in the __________________________

Native-Americans (pg. 93)

• To start the war, both the British and colonists tried to keep ________________ from getting involved

• However, as the war dragged on, the British successfully established a number of _____________________- convincing the natives a Patriot victory would mean more settlement of native lands

How did the United States Win?

• The Continental Army used __________________ tactics and their knowledge of the terrain against the British

• _________________________________ established a complex spy network which helped the colonists plan their operations against the British

• ___________________ nations competing against Britain (especially _____________)- contributed money, soldiers, leadership, and naval support to the Americans

• Americans were fighting for ____________ and ______________- not something tangible that could be destroyed or conquered

• The King of England lost the war for ‘_____________________________’ in England- the war became increasingly unpopular as it went much longer than expected

• Decisive Battle: Yorktown

  • Washington, with help from the French, laid a __________ for the British Army in Yorktown, VA

  • The British Army moved into the city to re-supply, but found a French ________________preventing their supply drop, and were enclosed into the city by French and American troops, who laid _____________ to the city until the British surrender

Reflect & Summarize

In your own words and in complete sentences, write a 5-6 sentence summary paragraph. Your summary should cover the main concepts of the notes, be accurate, and have adequate details. The goal of the summary is to answer the essential question from the reading assignment.