NAME FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE PART I SHORT ANSWERS

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Final Exam Study Sheet:

NAME:__________________________________

FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

PART I: SHORT ANSWERS: 45 points

Provide a short definition or explanation (at least two to three sentences) for the phrase or person below, being sure to detail the name of the philosopher associated with this phrase or person. On the actual exam, you will only be given 15 of the below.

1. the divided line:

2. Socratic irony:

3. The Good:

4. Thrasymachus’s argument:

5. The three waves:

6. formal vs. objective reality:

7. hyperbolic doubt:

8. A proof for the existence of God:

9. parallelism:

10. substance:

11. affectus:

12. conatus:

13. dualism:

14. nous:

15. attributes:

16. the One:

17. the All or Whole:

18. “kingdom within a kingdom”:

19. the soul (psyche):

20. the myth of Er:

PART II: Answer the following essay questions (only two will be given on the actual exam). (Total value: 30%)

Plato and Plotinus (15%)

Below you will take up Plotinus’s method and that of Plato’s. Other than this possible set of distinctions, I want you to discuss how Plotinus interprets Plato. First, describe what are Plato’s metaphysical views in The Republic (in particular, the divided line and the meaning of the ascent out of the cave). Second, describe Plotinus’s own system. What parts of Plato does he emphasize? Does this make his system different? Do you think Plotinus is really a “Platonist”? Why or why not?

The question of dualism in Spinoza and Descartes (15%):

In this essay, you will compare Spinoza and Descartes on the question of dualism. First, define what is meant by dualism, then describe Descartes’ position, laying out the distinctions he makes between the thinking thing and embodied substances. In the next section, go through Spinoza’s discussion of “parallelism” from Parts II and III of the Ethics. First describe what he means. Does he agree with Descartes? Why or why not? If he agrees, say how he extends Descartes’ thinking. If not, then say how this derives from a different philosophical approach.

Questions of Method (15%):

In this essay, you will compare Plato’s philosophical method with the “inward-looking” approach of Plotinus and Descartes. First, begin by highlighting the methods demonstrated in Plato’s Apology and Republic? What is the goal of this method? How is it practiced? Next, discuss Plotinus’s own method (not just the content). How is it different from Plato’s? How might the method itself lead to very different philosophical positions? Or why doesn’t it? Finally, discuss Descartes’s method? How does it differ (or not) from Plato and/or Plotinus? Be specific.

PART III (25%)

Transcendence and Immanence:

In this essay, you will first differentiate transcendence and immanence by describing the different metaphysics on offer from Plotinus and Spinoza. Be specific about what is meant by immanence and what is meant by transcendence as well as how this leads to different structures in their thought. Next, you need to analyze Plato and Descartes using these categories: are they thinkers of transcendence or immanence? Why or why not? Be specific about why you argue for this point. Finally, take a side: are you ultimately a thinker of transcendence or immanence: why or why not? What worries do you have about the other kind of metaphysics? Finish strong by taking a side, arguing for it, and thinking through the very real import this answer has for the lives we lead.

FINAL INSTRUCTIONS NO 1 THANK YOU FOR
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