BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS – ADDED VALUE FOR POTATO FROM GENETIC

APPLICATIONS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOACTIVE MATERIALS ELECTROCHEMICALLY DEPOSITED CA(OH)SUB2SUB COATINGS
BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS – ADDED VALUE FOR POTATO FROM GENETIC
HIGHLYBIOREACTIVE SILICABASED MESOPOROUS BIOACTIVE GLASSES ENRICHED WITH GALLIUM(III) SANDRA

IN SITU SELF HARDENING BIOACTIVE COMPOSITE FOR BONE AND
ISOLATION AND SYNTHESIS OF A BIOACTIVE BENZENOID DERIVATIVE FROM
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN THE FRUITS OF

Bioactive compounds – added value for potato from genetic resources

Bioactive compounds – added value for potato from genetic resources

and waste streams


Veli-Matti Rokka1, Tatjana Gavrilenko2, Elina Virtanen3, Jari P.T. Valkonen4

1MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, Myllytie 1, FI-

31600 Jokioinen, Finland, tel: +358 3 4188 2497, e-mail: [email protected] ,

2N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), St.-Petersburg, Russia, 1MTT Agrifood

Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, Tutkimusasemantie 15, FI-92400

Ruukki, Finland, 4Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014

University of Helsinki, Finland


Introduction

A new research project starting in August 2010 is focused on analyses,

characterisation and utilisation of bioactive compounds from various genetic resources

of potato and waste streams and by-products from potato industry. Potato tubers

contain plenty of bioactive compounds including proteins, peptides, carotenoids,

polyamines, polyphenols, suberins, glycoalkaloids and dietary fibre. Most of them

enhance human health and they all are useful components for food industry.


The present project aims to select for use, novel potato materials rich in the content of

bioactive compounds and improve utilization of by-products and waste resulting from

the current processes of potato industry. Results are foreseen crucial for development

of new potato products for domestic and export markets.


Added value from potato

Potato is well known for its favourable nutritional properties. It also contains various

compounds with high bioactivity, most of them located in the potato skin or on first

cell layers under the skin.


Potato covers a rich reservoir of genetic variation, since there are even more than 200

tuberizing species. Some of those, such as S. ajanhuiri, S. chaucha, S. juzepczukii, S.

curtilobum, S. phureja, S. stenotomum, S. stenotomum ssp. goniocalyx, S. tuberosum

ssp. andigenum and S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum have traditionally been grown by

farmers in the Andes of South America. In Europe, we only have a few exceptions of

products which are originated from other potato species than S. tuberosum, i.e.

cultivated potato). The native potato species (NPS) have an intrinsic value based on

their heterogeneous genetic background, which also offers plasticity to environmental

changes (Ritter et al. 2008). In addition, the diversity of the traditional material brings

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new challenges and alternatives for development of novel products, which may have

important markets as special food products, i.e. potato to be used as a value-added

product.


The germplasm collections of VIR (Vavilov Institute) of St. Petersburg, Russia,

represents the first botanic and scientific collection made for potatoes, today

numbering 8,680 different accessions (Gavrilenko 2008). It has tremendous practical

importance and a rich history, having been used to document a polyploid series in the

cultivated species, to formulate initial taxonomic hypotheses in potato, for studies of

interspecific hybridization, and serving as the base for Russian breeding efforts. The

material is morphologically and genetically well evaluated. However, the VIR potato

collection of cultivated potatoes have been poorly characterized from a nutritional and

phytochemical perspective.


Industrial by-products and wastes

In Finland, a total amount of 300 M kg of table potatoes are produced. Of that, 70-

80% can be utilised for processing in food industry. The remaining peel waste is used

for animal feed or improving of soil. Potato peels are specially rich in steroidal

glycoalkaloids (SGAs), including solanine and chaconine. Extracted glycoalkaloids from

potato skin may be commercially important based on their pharmaceutical activities

because of the structural resemblance to the human sex hormones. Particular SGAs

can be transformed into steroidal drugs, and their high cytotoxic activities as anticancer

compounds have recently received strong scientific interest (Väänänen et al.

2005).


Conclusions

Exotic potatoes other than S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum cultivars may have a high

interest in terms of commercialization in Russia and in Europe. In Finland, on the

market there is already one potato cultivar called Blue Congo, which has a dark purple

skin also with a purple flesh. This clearly shows that potatoes even with considerably

irregular shape and completely exceptional flesh colour can have market potential.


Some potato species are known to have high protein content in tubers, which is also

important for need of production in developing countries. Certain genotypes can be

valuable sources of vitamins, dietary fibre and certain minerals such as copper,

potassium, iron and magnesium. Potatoes may also contain a broad variation of

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phytonutrients that have antioxidant capacity. Among the health-promoting

compounds there are carotenoids, flavonoids, caffeic acid and tuber storage protein

patatin, which exhibit activity against free radicals and have antimicrobial, antiinflammatory

and antiallergic properties (Brown et al. 2007, Ritter et al. 2008).


Potatoes earlier cultivated only by American Indians can offer a high reservoir for

developing novel products. Some tubers may have colored flesh, which can be a useful

new criterium for potato crisp production. Determinations of dry matter content, chip

colour, oil absorption and cooking time are important for potato processing. Low oil

content associated with high dry matter and consistent chip colour are favourable to

economic and health concerns (Ritter et al. 2008). Therefore NPS potatoes are a great

source of high quality french fries and crisps. Excellent flavours and attractive colours

with variable shapes may result in products with novelty appeal. Some genotypes of

NPS collection may also show inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE),

a biochemical factor which has an effect on blood pressure (hypertension) (Mäkinen et

al. 2008).


References

Väänänen, T., Ikonen, T., Rokka, V.-M., Kuronen, P., Serimaa, R. & Ollilainen, V.

2005. Influence of incorporated wild Solanum genomes on potato properties in terms

of starch nanostructure and glycoalkaloid content. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 5313-

5325.

Brown, C.R., Culley, D., Bonierbale, M. & Amoros, W. 2007. Anthocyanin, carotenoid

content, and antioxidant values in native South American potato cultivars. HortSci. 42:

1733-1736.

Gavrilenko, T. 2008. Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources in Russia: history,

current status and perspectives. In: Cryopreservation of crop species in Europe.

CRYOPLANET – COST Action 871. Febr 20th-23rd 2008. Oulu, Finland.

Mäkinen, S., Kelloniemi, J., Pihlanto, A., Mäkinen, K., Korhonen, H., Hopia, A. &

Valkonen, J.P.T. 2008. Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme I caused by

autolysis of potato proteins by enzymatic activities confined to different parts of the

potato tuber. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56: 9875-9883.

Ritter, E., Barandalla, L., Lopez, R. & de Galarreta, J.I. 2008. Exploitation of exotic,

cultivated Solanum germplasm for breeding and commercial purposes. Potato Res. 51:

301-311.

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I


THE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS RECOVERY FROM
农学院2009年共发表SCI论文130篇,详细情况如下: 1 【篇名】PURIFICATION OF A BIOACTIVE RECOMBINANT HUMAN REG


Tags: added value, markets. added, potato, genetic, added, compounds, bioactive, value