SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES OVER THE INDIAN REGION OPSINGH RKGIRI

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Satellite Precipitation Estimates over the Indian region

Satellite Precipitation Estimates over the Indian region

O.P.Singh, R.K.Giri and Harvir Singh

National Satellite Meteorological Centre,

India Meteorological Department,New Delhi-110003,INDIA

Real-time three hourly Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) are derived from Kalpana-1 Satellite which are useful in determination of spatio-temporal variation of rainfall, particularly over the data sparse regions. Daily QPE values have been compared with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall as well as actual observed rainfall during southwest monsoon seasons of 2009 and 2010 over six regions of Indian subcontinent. Results have brought out some interesting aspects of satellite precipitation estimates over the Indian region.

Study Regions

Six representative regions have been selected over the Indian subcontinent which are depicted in Fig. 1.

SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES OVER THE INDIAN REGION OPSINGH RKGIRI

Fig. 1. Regions considered in the study.

Results

Kalpana-1 QPE vs. TRMM Rainfall

Correlations between Kalpana-1 Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Rainfall over different regions during the southwest monsoon seasons (June to September) of 2009 &2010 have been presented in Fig. 2.

SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES OVER THE INDIAN REGION OPSINGH RKGIRI

Fig. 2. Correlation Coefficients between Kalpana-1 QPE and TRMM Rainfall.

Good correlations have been found between QPE and TRMM rainfall during 2009 which was a deficient monsoon year. The highest correlation coefficient (CC) has been found over Region 2, which is 0.92. The lowest CC has been found over Region 1 which is 0.77. The CCs are lower over all the regions during normal monsoon year 2010 as compared to corresponding CCs during deficient monsoon year 2009. The correlation coefficients over all the regions during 2009 & 2010 range from 0.43 to 0.92.

Kalpana-1 QPE vs. Actual Rainfall

The correlation coefficient between Kalpana-1QPE and Actual Rainfall (ARF) has been presented in Fig. 3. It is interesting to see that good correlations have been observed between Kalpana-1QPE and ARF during normal monsoon year 2010. The correlations during 2009 are lower over all the six regions. The lowest correlation between Kalpana-1QPE and ARF was found over Region 1.

SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES OVER THE INDIAN REGION OPSINGH RKGIRI

Fig. 3. Correlation Coefficients between Kalpana-1QPE and Actual Rainfall

TRMM Rainfall vs. Actual Rainfall

The CCs between TRMM rainfall and ARF have been depicted in Fig. 4.

SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES OVER THE INDIAN REGION OPSINGH RKGIRI

Fig. 4.Correlation Coefficients between TRMM Rainfall and Actual Rainfall

The correlations are generally higher (except Region 1) during the deficient monsoon year 2009. It is interesting to note that the CCs between TRMM rainfall and actual rainfall are generally lower during normal monsoon year 2010 as compared to the corresponding CCs between Kalpana-1QPE and actual rainfall. However, the correlations between TRMM rainfall and actual rainfall are good during deficient monsoon year 2009 as compared to the corresponding CCs between Kalpana-1QPE and actual rainfall. Therefore, usefulness of a particular satellite precipitation estimate over the Indian subcontinent seems to depend upon the type of monsoon. Some estimates may be better during deficient monsoons whereas some may be better during normal or excess monsoons.However, more cases of monsoons need to be considered for definite conclusions for which work is under progress.

References

Arkin, P.A., Rao, A.V.R.K. and Kelkar, R. R., 1989, “Large scale precipitation and outgoing long wave radiation from INSAT-1B during southwest monsoon season”, J. Cli. 2, pp 619-628.

Nykanen, D.K. and Harris, D., 2003, “Orographic influences of the multi-scale statistical properties of precipitation”, J. Geophys. Res. 108,881, doi: 10.1029/2001JD001518.

Richard, F. and Arkin, P.A., 1981, “On relationship between satellite observed cloud cover and precipitation”, Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, pp 1081-1093.

Sharma A.K., Mitra, A.K., and Singh, O.P., 2009, “Estimation of rainfall using INSAT data (QPE)”, Hydrology Manual, Part-I, IMD.

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