TITLE PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS TIME 15 HRS EQUIPMENT VARIOUS

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Title: Portable Fire Extinguishers


Time: 1.5 hrs


Equipment:

Various portable fire extinguishers

Controlled area/pit for small-scale burns

Burning materials

Copies of quiz

Quiz-taking materials


Enabling Objective(s):


Overview:

  1. Portable Fire Extinguishers

  2. Classes of Fires

  3. Types of Extinguishing Agents

  4. Fire Extinguisher Classifications

  5. Using a Portable Fire Extinguisher

  6. Practical


Lesson:

  1. Portable Fire Extinguishers

    1. Firefighters carry and utilize portable fire extinguishers to contain and extinguish small (incipient stage) fires of various types, in order to avoid the large-scale damage

      1. Being familiar with types of extinguishing agents and which classes of fire they are best used on is essential to safely extinguishing a fire

      2. NFPA 10 sets the Standing for Portable Fire Extinguishers

    2. Portable fire extinguishers are often made available or required in public, business, or industrial settings for use by citizens in containing small or incipient stage fires to avoid full fire involvement

      1. Firefighters are public educators. Being well-versed and familiar with the proper use of portable fire extinguishers is essential when conducting fire-prevention-related public education to the community

    3. Maintenance

  2. Classes of Fires

    1. Being able to properly identify the fuel burning in a fire is essential in choosing the proper portable fire extinguisher to do the job

      1. Class A Fires

        1. Fire is fueled by an ordinary combustible material

        2. Examples: wood, plastic, paper, cloth, rubber, household trash

      2. Class B Fires

        1. Fire is fueled by any flammable liquid or flammable gas

        2. Examples: gasoline, propane, natural gas, oil, oil-based paints

      3. Class C Fires

        1. Fire is fueled by any electrically charge equipment

        2. Examples: energized appliances, outlets, circuit breakers, lighting fixtures, electronic devices

      4. Class D Fires

        1. Fire is fueled by a combustible metal

        2. Examples: magnesium, potassium, aluminum, titanium, zirconium

      5. Class K Fires

        1. Fire is fueled by cooking oils and cooking greases

        2. Examples: cooking oils and fats

  3. Types of Extinguishing Agents

    1. Water

      1. Method of extinguishment:

        1. Cools the fuel below its ignition point

      2. Best used for:

        1. Class A fires

    2. Dry Chemical

      1. Method of extinguishment:

        1. Interrupts the chemical chain reaction involved in combustion

        2. Absorbs heat

      2. Best used for:

        1. Ordinary Dry Chemical extinguishers are best used for: Class B and C fires

        2. Multipurpose Dry Chemical extinguishers (Ammonium Phosphate) are best used for Class A, B, and C fires

    3. Carbon Dioxide

      1. Method of extinguishment:

        1. Displaces the air surrounding the fuel, removing its oxygen supply

      2. Best used for:

        1. Class B and C fires

    4. Wet Chemical

      1. Method of extinguishment:

        1. Wet chemical agents convert cooking oils into a soap or foam in a process known as saponification

      2. Best used for:

        1. Class K fires

    5. Halogenated (or Clean Agent)

      1. Method of extinguishment:

        1. Halogenated agents disrupt the molecular chain reactions that occur within the combustion process

      2. Best used for:

        1. Halon 1211 extinguishers are recommended for use on Class B and C fires

        2. Larger Halon extinguishers may be used for Class A, B, and C fires

        3. Due to the environmental impact of halogenated agents, these extinguishers are ideally utilized only when necessary, specifically for energized electrical equipment when concern for damaging the equipment is high, as these “clean agents” do limited damage to electronic equipment

    6. Dry Powder

      1. Method of extinguishment:

        1. Forms a crust over the burning metal, removing its oxygen supply

        2. Absorbs heat

      2. Best used for:

        1. Class D fires

    7. Foam

      1. Method of extinguishment:

        1. Class A foam extinguishers cool the fuel below its ignition point

        2. Class B foam extinguishers separate the fuel from its oxygen supply

      2. Best used for:

        1. Extinguishers that utilize Class A foam concentrate are best used for Class A fires

        2. Extinguishers that utilize Class B foam concentrate (such as Aqueous Film-forming Foam and Film-forming Fluoroprotein Foam) are best used for Class B fires

  4. Fire Extinguisher Classifications and Labeling

    1. Classification

      1. The letter corresponds with which class of fire the extinguisher is best suited for. For instance, an ABC extinguisher is best suited for use on Class A, B, and C fires

      2. The number corresponds with the effectiveness of the extinguisher.

        1. For Class A extinguishers, the number reflects the amount of water the extinguisher contains

        2. For Class B extinguishers, the number reflects the approximate area (in square feet) of burning fuel the device is able to extinguish

    2. Labelling

      1. Traditional Lettering and/or Pictographs

TITLE PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS TIME 15 HRS EQUIPMENT VARIOUS TITLE PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS TIME 15 HRS EQUIPMENT VARIOUS

Retrieved from: http://www.nfpa.org/Assets/files/AboutTheCodes/10/FI10-2013.pdf


  1. Using a portable fire extinguisher

    1. PASS

      1. Pull the pin.

      2. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, while standing the recommended distance away from the fire

      3. Squeeze the operating lever in order to discharge the extinguishing agent

      4. Sweep the nozzle from side to side in the direction of the fire until the fire is extinguished

    2. Safety

      1. Choosing the proper portable fire extinguisher is essential in ensuring the fire is extinguished. For instance, using water to extinguish a Class D fire involving a combustible metal, such as magnesium, could result in a violent reaction rather than extinguishment.

      2. Fire extinguishers offer recommendations for user distance in order to effectively and safely extinguish a fire

      3. When educating the public on proper use of fire extinguishers, provide some of the following reminders and tips:

        1. Do not delay calling 9-1-1 in order to extinguish a fire.

        2. Remain a safe distance away from the fire at all times.

        3. Ensure you are using the right extinguishing agent for the job. For instance, kitchen fires involving cooking oil can be exacerbated by the use of water for extinguishment.

        4. Know when to evacuate if the fire exceeds the capabilities of the extinguisher’s ability to extinguish. If you have any doubt about the ability to successfully fight the fire, evacuate immediately.

  2. Practical

Utilizing a controlled area/pit for small-scale burns, burn materials, and various available portable fire extinguishers within your company, practice extinguishment of small fires with your company members.




References

Fundamentals of Fire Fighter Skills (3rd ed.). (2013). Jones & Bartlett Learning.


NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers (2013 edition). (2013). National Fire Protection Agency. Retrieved from: http://www.nfpa.org/Assets/files/AboutTheCodes/10/FI10-2013.pdf.






Quiz Answers


1)The “A” in the PASS mnemonic stands for “Agent” because choosing the appropriate extinguishing agent is essential to successfully extinguishing the fire.

A) True

B) False – While choosing the correct extinguishing agent is essential, the “A” in the PASS mnemonic stands for “Aim.” The PASS mnemonic is used to remember how to use an extinguisher, not how to choose an extinguisher.


2) Class B fires include fires involving gasoline as a fuel.

A) True

B) False


3) Using portable fire extinguishers is simple and firefighters should not have to continue to relearn this information.

A) True

B) False – Firefighters are public educators. Being able to effectively communicate portable fire extinguisher use and safety tips to the public can aid in fire prevention.


4) Aqueous film-forming foams are best used to extinguish Class A fires.

A) True

B) False – Extinguishers that utilize Class B foam concentrate, such as aqueous film-forming foam are best used for Class B fires.


5) Class K fire extinguishers stop the combustion process with a chemical process known as saponification.

A) True

B) False






Quiz


1) The “A” in the PASS mnemonic stands for “Agent” because choosing the appropriate extinguishing agent is essential to successfully extinguishing the fire.

A) True

B) False


2) Class B fires include fires involving gasoline as a fuel.

A) True

B) False


3) Using portable fire extinguishers is simple and firefighters should not have to continue to relearn this information.

A) True

B) False


4) Aqueous film-forming foams are best used to extinguish Class A fires.

A) True

B) False


5) Class K fire extinguishers stop the combustion process with a chemical process known as saponification.

A) True

B) False




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