PATIENT INFORMATION CENTRE FOR REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) WHAT

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Centre for Reproductive Medicine


Patient Information


PATIENT INFORMATION CENTRE FOR REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) WHAT



Centre for Reproductive Medicine


Cytomegalovirus (CMV)


What is CMV? Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common viral infection occurring throughout the world. It is most often seen in children causing a flu-like illness. In Europe 60% of people have had the infection by the time they reach adulthood. After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant within that person’s body for life. It is unusual for recurrent infection to occur.


How do I know if I have had CMV or not? A blood test indicates whether a person has an acute infection or a past infection with CMV and developed antibodies to it. Once a person has been infected they will always be “CMV positive”. If a person has never been infected they are called “CMV negative”.


How can you catch CMV? Transmission of CMV occurs from person to person and requires close contact. Although CMV is not highly contagious it can be secreted in the bodily fluids of a CMV positive person. It can be found in the urine, saliva, blood, tears, semen and breast milk.


CMV and pregnancy? Congenital (from birth) infection of CMV happens sometimes when a pregnant woman is infected with CMV for the first time. As she has no immunity to CMV, the virus can cross the placenta to infect her baby. This occurs in about 1 in 1800 babies born in England and Wales each year. Nine out of ten babies infected in this way will not suffer complications and will develop normally. The small number of babies that do develop CMV-related complications usually survive, however they may suffer hearing loss, vision impairment and varying degrees of mental handicap.


CMV and egg/embryo donation? We screen all egg and embryo donors and recipients for CMV. With egg/embryo donors there is no evidence that CMV could be transmitted with the egg/embryos because in the laboratory the embryologists wash the eggs and strip away the surrounding cells. Only the embryos and no white blood cells are transferred into the recipient. This means that the risk of passing on CMV through egg/embryo donation is negligible.


Even when we use CMV negative donors with negative recipients they are still vulnerable to CMV infection from the community or from a CMV positive partner. There is no difference in pregnancy rates between CMV negative recipients using CMV negative donors and CMV negative recipients that use CMV positive donors.


On this basis our policy is that CMV negative egg/embryo recipients can be matched to a CMV positive egg/embryo donor with informed consent.


CMV and sperm donation? All sperm donors and recipients are screened for CMV. Ideally for treatment with donor sperm we match a CMV negative recipient with a CMV negative donor. This is because semen contains a number of white blood cells which could give a risk of a CMV negative recipient contracting CMV. However the risk of CMV transmission when washed and prepared sperm is used, as is the case in our practice, is likely to be very low. Given that the availability and choice of donor sperm has significantly reduced it may not be possible to match a CMV negative recipient woman with sperm from a CMV negative donor. In this case the option of receiving sperm from a CMV positive donor may be discussed together with the likely very small risk of acquiring CMV.


References:

Witz Craig A et al Is there a risk of cytomegalovirus transmission during in vitro fertilisation with donated oocytes? Fertility and Sterility Feb 1999. Vol 71. No 2; p302-307

Forbes BA. Acquisition of Cytomegalovirus infection: an update, Clinical Microbiological Reviews. Apr 1989; p 204-216.


If you require any further information please contact the nurses helpline on 024 76 96 8856



The Trust has access to interpreting and translation services. If you need this information in another language, please contact the Quality Manager on (024) 76968864, and we will do our best to accommodate your needs. The Trust operates a smoke free policy.







Document History

Author: B Lavender / S Keay

Department: CRM

Contact Tel No: (024) 76968889

Doc. Location: QM computer, I drive (patient information), Printing (egg donation / info session recipient),

Donor Sperm patient info folder

Version: GEN-PI-000113V4

Reference No: Quality/information sheets/CMV patient information

Review Date: January 2018


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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Patient Information

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