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CAS LX 500 Language Universals

It occurs to me based on a question I recently got about using the Arboreal font that it might be useful to make available this document containing the style that I use for the trees, since with the help of this style it can be pretty quick to set up at least simple trees.


The tree below is in the style “tree” which has a bunch of center-tabs arrayed across the page. With these tabs in place I can use “3” or “qp” or “1” to draw the tree lines in the Arboreal font in the inbetween lines, and then for labels on the nodes, they wind up centered with respect to the tree segments. In Mac OS X I have found that it is important to set the lines to be “exactly 12 points” in height (or 13, or whatever suits you, but the key is “exactly”). It’s also a good idea to select all of the lines but the last in your tree, do a “Format Paragraph” and check “Keep with Next” so that your tree winds up all on the same page.


TP

qp

DP T

1 3

D T VP

1 -ed 1

D V

John 3

V DP

ate 1

D

3

D NP

a 1

N

1

N

sandwich


Occasionally (but really only early in the semester) I sometimes have to use a trick to make things work when you have non-binary-branching trees, as in the following subtree:


TP

qgp

q g p

NP1 T VP

rgu  -s qg

D AdjP1 N1 PP1 V NP3

The 1 dog gp bit 1

Adj1 P1 NP2 N3

big by 1 me

N2

John


You can investigate how I put those branches together, and it wasn’t very elegant, but it looks… ok… To see exactly, select the part of the tree over “big dog by John” under the NP1 and right-click (Control-click on the Mac) and “toggle field codes”.


I inserted a field that looks like {eq \o(u ,p)} which stands for “equation overstrike(string 1, string 2)”, and what it does is just print the first string over the second. I had to put a bunch of spaces after the first one in order to make them (pretty much) line up, and that was just a matter of trial and error. The way I did this procedurally: Insert Field (if it isn’t in your menu, you can add it by going to Tools>Customize) and insert eq \o(x,y) as a field. Then, I right-click it, toggle field codes, remove the space between the { and eq (so it goes from looking like this: { eq to this: {eq ) and then I do the same on the other side, removing the space between y) and the } to get y)} at the end. Then, I select “x”, set the font to Arboreal, and type “u” and several (in this case, 6) spaces, then I select “y”, set the font to Arboreal, and type “p”. The last step is to right-click anywhere in the formula and Toggle Field Codes again


This is also a good trick for diacritics you don’t otherwise have easy access to. If you ever need an acutely accented n, for example, you can use the overstrike to do it: nifty. I actually use this overstrike formula quite a bit. It’s a very old feature of Word and I don’t think it is very well documented, but I’ve found it quite useful.


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