TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR THE CELLS ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR INDEX

  CENDANT – INTELLIGENT CUSTOMER INTERACTION TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS ARTICULATION
POSTEARTHQUAKE TECHNICAL CLEARINGHOUSE NOVEMBER 2001 GEOLOGICAL

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TECHNICAL DATA SHEET 350 SERIES FLOOR &
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS MAX RCF 4980G MAX SPEED 5000RMIN

LINAC Specs


















Technical Specification for

the CELLS Electron Linear Accelerator







Index

1. INTRODUCTION and scope 5

1.1 Introduction 5

2. Tendering and Contract Management 6

2.1 Tendering 6

2.1.1 Pre-tender discussions 6

2.1.2 Technical and Managerial Adjudication 6

2.1.3 Information required with the Tender 6

2.2 Contract Management 7

2.2.1 Contract Engineer 7

2.2.2 Programme and Progress Reports 7

2.2.3 Technical and Progress Meetings 7

2.2.4 Design Stage 7

2.2.5 Design Review 7

2.2.6 Design approval prior to manufacture 8

2.3 Contract Completion 8

2.4 Responsibility of the Contractor 8

2.5 Deviation from the Specifications 8

2.6 Sub-contractors 9

2.7 Access to the Contractor’s Premises 9

3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 10

3.1 Norms & standards 10

3.2 Quality control 10

3.3 Layout and Location 10

4. Performance Specifications 11

4.1 Overview 11

4.2 Electron Gun 11

4.3 Linac Beam Specifications 11

4.3.1 Single Bunch Mode 11

4.3.2 Multi-Bunch Mode 12

4.3.3 Top-Up Operation 12

5. General Mechanical Specifications 14

5.1 Fasteners, Fittings and Water/Air 14

5.2 Survey 14

5.3 Mountings and Stands 14

5.4 Installation and Access 14

5.5 Services 15

5.5.1 Water Cooling 15

5.5.2 Pneumatics 16

5.6 Protection of Moving Parts 16

5.7 Drawings 16

6. Electrical Distribution and Systems Specification 17

6.1 Introduction 17

6.2 Electrical Supply to Linear Accelerator 17

6.3 Linac Technical Area placement and General aspects 17

6.4 Layout 18

6.5 Electrical safety issues 18

6.6 Sub-contractors 19

6.7 Thermal Environment 19

7. Radio Frequency 20

7.1 Introduction 20

7.2 Safety 20

7.2.1 Non-ionising Radiation 20

7.2.2 Radiation 20

7.3 Feeder Waveguide 20

7.4 RF cable and connectors 20

7.5 Reference Frequency 20

7.6 Control system and Interface 20

8. Beam Diagnostics 21

8.1 Introduction 21

8.2 Diagnostic Equipment Proposal 21

8.3 Diagnostic Equipment 22

8.4 Cabling and Connectors 22

8.5 Associated electronics 22

8.6 Control system and Interface 22

9. Magnets 23

9.1 General Aspects 23

9.1.1 Scope 23

9.1.2 Nameplate 23

9.2 Safety 23

9.2.1 General 23

9.3 Thermal environment 24

9.3.1 Water cooling systems 24

9.3.2 Thermal protection 24

9.4 Performance parameters 24

9.5 Tests 24

9.5.1 On the coils 24

9.5.2 On the complete magnet 24

9.6 Magnetic measurements 25

9.6.1 Solenoid magnets 25

9.6.2 Quadrupole magnets 25

9.6.3 Corrector Dipole magnets 25

10. POWER SUPPLIES 26

10.1 Introduction 26

10.2 General Aspects 26

10.2.1 Scope 26

10.2.2 Nameplate 26

10.3 Safety 26

10.3.1 General 26

10.3.2 Equipment housing enclosure 27

10.3.3 Transformer Oil and Catchment 27

10.4 Contactors, Switches and Circuit breakers 27

10.5 Thermal environment 27

10.5.1 Water cooling systems 27

10.5.2 Thermal protection 27

10.6 Reliability and Maintainability 28

10.7 Electrical engineering Issues 28

10.7.1 Electromagnetic noise, Harmonic and Transient loading on the Supply 28

10.7.2 Power factor efficiency 28

10.8 Performance parameters 28

10.9 Control system and Interface 29

10.10 Tests 29

11. Vacuum Systems 31

11.1 General 31

11.2 Construction 31

11.3 Vacuum Equipment 31

11.4 Vacuum System Design 32

11.5 Vacuum cleaning and processing 32

11.6 Vacuum control system 33

11.7 Acceptance tests 33

11.7.1 At the contractor site 33

11.7.2 After delivery 34

11.8 Handling, packing, labelling and shipping 34

12. LINAC CONTROL SYSTEM AND INTERFACE 35

12.1 Hardware architecture 35

12.2 Software architecture 36

12.3 Items to be provided by the contractor 36

12.4 Interlocks 37

12.5 Alarm signals 37

12.6 Hardware interface 37

13. Quality Assurance, DOCUMENTATION, Testing and Guarantee 39

13.1 Introduction 39

13.2 Guarantee 39

13.3 Factory and Customer Installation Site Testing 39

13.3.1 Introduction 39

13.3.2 Factory Testing and Right of Access to Tests 40

13.3.3 General Arrangements 40

13.4 Final Acceptance Testing 40

13.5 Extent of Final Acceptance Testing 40



1.INTRODUCTION and scope

1.1Introduction

The Consortium for the construction, equipment and exploitation of a synchrotron light laboratory (CELLS) is responsible for the construction of a new synchrotron radiation facility, named ALBA. The facility will comprise a 3 GeV electron storage ring, injected from a 100 MeV Linac through a full energy booster synchrotron, and an initial complement of five beamlines.

The Linac will be procured as a single turn-key system, subject to a performance specification. The scope of this contract is to design, manufacture, install and commission in the CELLS building an electron linear accelerator (Linac). It must be capable of operating continuously and reliably at an energy of at least 100 MeV. It must have good beam properties and stability, as described in section 4, and it must be capable of multi-bunch, single bunch and top-up operational modes.

Various pieces of equipment will be purchased by CELLS and free-issued to the Linac contractor, including the vacuum equipment (section 11) and the remote control system (section 12). CELLS reserves the right to recommend other particular components, sub-assemblies or contractors (e.g. for power supplies and beam diagnostic).

Installation, including connection to and distribution of all services, will be carried out by the contractor, and will be subject to site access and safety regulations. commissioning will also be carried out by the contractor, subject to site and radiation safety regulations; CELLS staff will assist in the commissioning.

It is expected that installation of the Linac will commence in August 2007 and be completed and commissioned, available for operation, no later than the end of December 2007.

2.Tendering and Contract Management

2.1Tendering

2.1.1Pre-tender discussions

All interested contractors are strongly encouraged to contact CELLS and discuss details of the specification so to ensure that the bidder understands completely the requirements and implications of the specification before making an offer. Enquiries of a technical nature should be directed to Dr. M.Pont, CELLS, tel: 34-93-581.42.89, e-mail: [email protected]. Enquiries of a contractual nature should be directed to Mr. M.Sazatornil, CELLS, Tel: 34-93-581.42.79, e-mail: [email protected].


2.1.2Technical and Managerial Adjudication

CELLS shall adjudicate the bids by considering the technical, and value for money aspects of the formal bid. See the folder of administrative clauses.



2.1.3Information required with the Tender

The bidder shall provide with the tender documents sufficient information to allow an informed choice of contractor. These should include:

  1. A confirmation of acceptance of every clause of the present specification or a detailed explanation of any departure from the conditions defined in this specification

  2. A breakdown of the price into main categories, including site installation and commissioning

  3. A list of key staff that will be involved in the contract, with a summary of their experience, together with the management and quality assurance structure

  4. Details of the quality assurance scheme that the contractor operates

  5. A draft time schedule showing the principal design, ordering and manufacturing, testing, installation and commissioning phases of the principal components

  6. Indications of proposed work packages to be undertaken by any sub-contractors with the identity of the proposed subcontractor

  7. A list of previous projects ,similar or comparable in size and scope, to enable CELLS to assess the contractors viability and ability to accomplish the contract

  8. An indication of recommended spare items, and any spare parts included within the tender

  9. Details of the technical assistance scheme that the contractor operates

  10. A preliminary design of the main components and of beam dynamics

  11. A preliminary layout

  12. A preliminary indication of the beam diagnostic components to be installed

  13. An estimate of pneumatic requirements, including maximum flow rates

  14. An estimate of water cooling requirements, including flow rates, pressure drops, temperature rises, for each piece of equipment

  15. An estimate of electrical power requirements for each piece of equipment as well as of power efficiency

  16. An indication of the maximum energy that could be reached in case of Linac upgrading, as well as of the price for the upgrade



2.2Contract Management

2.2.1Contract Engineer

At the start of the contract the contractor shall assign contact persons for Technical and Administrative matters who will be responsible for all reporting to, and contact with CELLS.


2.2.2Programme and Progress Reports

Within one month of the commencement of the contract the contractor must issue a detailed programme covering the design, manufacturing, installation and testing phases in sufficient detail to allow regular progress monitoring.

Thereafter, and throughout the contract, the Technical Contact shall supply a written report to CELLS every month detailing progress with respect to the programme.

2.2.3Technical and Progress Meetings

Within a month of the commencement of the contract a programme of technical and progress meetings will be agreed between the contractor and CELLS.

2.2.4Design Stage

Following the award of the contract, the design stage shall not exceed six calendar months in length unless mutually agreed in writing. A full Design Review Meeting must take place within this time period. In the event of the design being incomplete after six calendar months and if an extension is not mutually agreed in written, the contract shall terminate.

2.2.5Design Review

At the Design Review the contractor must present the detailed final design including but not limited to:



A date for the delivery of the final design report will be agreed. Two weeks later there will be a Design Review Meeting. For the Design Review Meeting CELLS reserves the right to invite external experts.



2.2.6Design approval prior to manufacture

CELLS must approve in writing the final design including any modifications introduced at the Design Review Meeting before the contractor proceeds to ordering. The approval must be given within one month of the Design Review Meeting.



2.3Contract Completion

The contract will be completed when the Linac has been installed at the CELLS site and satisfactorily completed the acceptance tests and complies fully with this specification document.



2.4Responsibility of the Contractor

The manufacture will be responsible for the final design, the production methods and the correct performance of all the items he supplies, irrespective of whether they have been chosen by the contractor or suggested by CELLS.

CELLS’s approval of the design and components does not release the contractor from his responsibilities in this respect.



2.5Deviation from the Specifications

In the event of the contractor having misinterpreted any of the specifications provided by CELLS, CELLS expects that the misinterpretation will be corrected at no extra cost.

During the construction, all proposed technical deviations from these specifications must be submitted to CELLS in writing; CELLS will give its approval or refusal also in writing.



2.6Sub-contractors

The contractor must declare any sub-contractor that will be used in the execution of this contract and inform CELLS of any change of sub-contractor. The change must be accepted by CELLS in writing.



2.7Access to the Contractor’s Premises

Nominated members of CELLS staff, or their appointed representatives must be guaranteed reasonable access to the premises of the contractor, and also to the premises of any subcontractor, for the purpose of progress meetings, inspection visits etc., with the main contractor present, even at short notice.

3.GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1Norms & standards

The supplied equipment shall be in full compliance with the Spanish and the European Safety Regulations in force and the relevant IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standards and recommendations.



3.2Quality control

The contractor should have an adequate and currently operational quality assurance organisation capable of meeting the technical requirements.



3.3Layout and Location

CELLS intends to place the Linac in a shielded area, see Figure 3.3-1. The rest of the equipment will be located in the adjacent Linac Technical Area. The maximum length of the Linac (gun to Linac exit flange) must be around 15 m. Final location of the Linac bunker will be given to the contractor at an early stage of the contract.

The connections between the Linac bunker and Linac Technical Area for RF power, mechanical and electrical services, controls and diagnostics cabling etc., will be via floor trenches and labyrinths. These will be designed by CELLS in consultation with the Linac contractor.


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR THE CELLS ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR INDEX



Figure 3.3-1 Linac Bunker and Linac Technical Area Layout

4.Performance Specifications

4.1Overview

CELLS will provide a reference signal from the master oscillator at the frequency of the Storage Ring, 499.654 MHz. The Linac should work at the 6th harmonic of this frequency.

Before entering the main accelerating sections the beam must be chopped or bunched to impose a structure on the beam so as to ensure high injection efficiency in the booster. The bunching frequency is given by the master oscillator frequency.

To improve reliability of operation the Linac will have two accelerating sections and two RF power sources.

The Linac output energy is determined by the required injection energy of the booster synchrotron. The required magnetic field at injection and the design of the booster magnet power supply require the Linac energy to be at least 100 MeV.

The beam height will be 1.400 m, with the centre of the beam at this height, stable to within 10% of the beam size, with any necessary steering or focussing element coils of the Linac system operating at less than 50% of their adjustment range.

The Linac is required to operate continuously, with high reliability and stable energy, charge, beam dimensions and exit position and angle.

The Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) must be longer than 500 hours.



4.2Electron Gun

The electron gun will be a thermionic triode gun.

For single bunch operation the cathode will be pulsed with respect to the grid, and the maximum FWHM of the pulse will be half the master oscillator period, with a charge to reach the specifications shown in Table 4.3.1-1.

In multi-bunch mode either the cathode will be pulsed with respect to the grid or the grid will be modulated at the CELLS master oscillator frequency with respect to the cathode. The maximum pulse train width will be 1 s with charge to reach the specifications shown in Table 4.3.2-1.



4.3Linac Beam Specifications

4.3.1Single Bunch Mode

The term single bunch in this document means a train of S-band microbunches not longer than half the master oscillator period. The beam parameters for single bunch operation measured, at the end of the Linac, are given in Table 4.3.1 -1 below.

Table 4.3.1‑1 Single Bunch Operation

Parameter

Specification

Pulse FWHM (ns)

<half the master oscillator period

Charge in single bunch (nC)

≥1.5

Energy (MeV)

≥100

Pulse to pulse energy variation (%)

≤0.25

Relative energy spread (%)

≤0.5 (rms)

Normalised emittance (1) (mm mrad)

≤50 (both planes)

Single bunch purity (%)

Better than or equal to 1

Repetition rate (Hz)

3 to 5

Pulse to pulse time jitter (ps)

≤ 100



4.3.2Multi-Bunch Mode

Multi-bunch operation consists of a train of the above mentioned single bunches at a repetition rate of 3 to 5 Hz. The beam parameters for multi-bunch operation measured at the end of the Linac, are given in Table 4.3.2 -2 below.

Table 4.3.2‑2 Multi-Bunch Operation

Parameter

Specification

Bunch train length (s)

0.3 to 1

Charge in bunch train (nC)

≥3

Energy (MeV)

≥100

Pulse to pulse energy variation (%)

≤025

Relative energy spread (%)

≤0.5 (rms)

Normalised emittance (1) (mm mrad)

≤50 (both planes)

Repetition rate (Hz)

3 to 5

Pulse to pulse time jitter (ps)

≤ 100


In this multibunch operation the rise/down time of the macropulse should be as small as possible, preferably smaller than 2 ns to ensure a clean filling pattern.


4.3.3Top-Up Operation

The Linac must be capable of performing continuous top-up injection in both single bunch and multi-bunch operating modes. The relevant beam parameters are the same as Table 4.3.1 -1 and Table 4.3.2 -2 above, apart from the charge and repetition frequency. Top-up operation may involve two kinds of duty cycle:

  1. Single bunches, or single multi-bunch trains, repeated at intervals of 10-300 seconds.

  2. Sequences of single bunches, or multi-bunch trains, at a repetition frequency of 3 to 5 Hz, for 1 to 10 seconds, repeated at intervals of 1 to 5 minutes.

In either case the time interval may be constant, or variable, and will be triggered by an external signal.

The charge in a single bunch, or multi-bunch train, must be able to be varied between the maximum values indicated in Table 4.3.1 -1 and Table 4.3.2 -2 and lower values of 50 pC or less.

In addition it is desirable that when using a multi-bunch train the macropulse length be programmable to be different at each consequtive pulse.



5.General Mechanical Specifications

5.1Fasteners, Fittings and Water/Air

All equipment should use stainless steel ISO metric fasteners wherever possible. If this is not possible, then each deviation from this should be notified by the contractor, detailing position, thread form, size, etc. The contractor will be required to supply spare fasteners for each case.

All equipment should use metric tube for water, air, etc. throughout.



5.2Survey

The beam height should be centred at 1400 mm.

The concrete floor will have a minimum level specification of 5 mm/15000 mm

Survey fixtures should be provided on the accelerating structures. The nature and positions to be determined in discussion with CELLS Survey and Alignment Group. The survey fixtures should have fiducials with respect to the beam axis of the Linac.

A method should be provided for easily and accurately adjusting the alignment of the Linac. The range of adjustment available should be clearly indicated at tender.

The contractor will be responsible for the alignment of the Linac inside the bunker. Survey monuments will be available inside the Linac bunker, having agreed its positioning with the contractor.



5.3Mountings and Stands

The contractor will be responsible for providing a suitable floor-mounting structure to support all components including waveguides and other RF components.

The mounting structures must be stiff enough so that the performance of the Linac should not be degraded by distortion, vibration, or environmental changes within the described bands. Natural frequency of mounting structures should be larger than 25 Hz.

Equipment is to be painted and must be finished in an appropriate RAL colour code, which will be defined by CELLS at an early stage of the contract.



5.4Installation and Access

Installation will be required to take place during the building phase of CELLS. The contractor should be aware that this will impose certain access constraints.

The contractor will be responsible for the provision of any tools and equipment needed for the installation.


5.5Services

The contractor should detail at tender the largest dimensions and weights of individual components to be installed inside the bunker.

The contractor should detail, at tender, all connections required to pass through the bunker walls.

RF waveguide will pass through the bunker walls via a high level (above head height) labyrinth to prevent the escape of X-radiation down waveguide paths.

CELLS will stabilise the air temperature within the bunker at 23ºC ±0.5C.

The contractor should provide, at tender, an estimate of the heat to air under normal operating conditions.

Dry Nitrogen with cleanliness, purity, pressure and dew point according to UHV specifications for accelerators will be available inside the bunker for venting the system, also helium will be available for leak chasing with cleanliness, concentration and pressure according to UHV practice for accelerators.

5.5.1Water Cooling

The following cooling circuit is supplied by CELLS to the Linac;

A demineralised supply, filtered to 10m, with a conductivity of <0.2S/cm. Temperature of this water cooling will be 19C±0.5C, at an inlet pressure of 1 MPa and minimum outlet pressure of 0.3 MPa.

If the requirements on temperature control of the Linac cannot be met using the above supplied cooling water, then the contractor should propose, and detail, an alternative method at tender.

One single connection point in the Linac Bunker and one in the Linac Technical Area will be available.

The contractor is responsible for distributing cooling water, and providing any flow/temperature control and monitoring equipment required, having agreed this installation with CELLS.

Water tubes must be stainless steel wherever possible. All joints shall be welded, or connected with Swagelok fittings or an equivalent approved by CELLS. PTFE (or similar) sealing tapes must not be used.

All non-conductive hoses shall be radiation and heat resistant and tested to 2 MPa.

There must be NO aluminium in contact with the cooling water.

The contractor should provide, at tender, a detailed estimate of water cooling requirements, including flange sizes, flow rates, pressure drops, temperature rises, for each piece of equipment.

5.5.2Pneumatics

A single compressed air supply is provided for operating valves etc. The contractor must state, at tender, their requirements for any specific pressures, cleanliness or equipment (e.g. dryers) required.

The contractor is responsible for distribution, and providing control and monitoring equipment as required, having agreed this installation with CELLS.

The system should initiate a safety shutdown on receipt of an electrical signal indicating compressor failure. The contractor should state, at tender, the volume of reservoir required to provide a safe shut down.

The contractors pneumatic system should be fitted with a non-return valve at the inlet.

All pneumatically operated cycling pieces of equipment must be fitted with mechanical cycle counters with electronic output capability.

PTFE (or similar) sealing tapes must not be used.

The contractor should provide, at tender, a detailed estimate of pneumatic requirements, including maximum flow rates.



5.6Protection of Moving Parts

All moving parts must be personnel protected and comply with the moving parts EC directive, and this must be carried out to CELLS satisfaction.



5.7Drawings

The contractor should provide 2 (two) full sets of paper copies of detail drawings.

In addition, the contractor should provide 2 (two) full sets of electronic copies of detail drawings. These should be preferably in IDEAS format, although other formats e.g. DXF, or IGES are acceptable.

The contractor shall make drawings available as soon as possible throughout the term of the contract, in addition to the sets of drawings described above.

All documentation must be provided in English.

Labelling must be in English.

6.Electrical Distribution and Systems Specification

6.1Introduction

The electrical system consists of control panels, racks, power distribution, cabling and wiring containment associated with the solenoids, magnets, power supplies and RF system required to generate, focus, bend, correct and accelerate the electron beam produced within the linear accelerator.



6.2Electrical Supply to Linear Accelerator

A 3-phase and neutral electrical supplies for the linear accelerator will be provided by CELLS and will consist of a circuit breaker located within the Linac Technical Area, see figure 3.3-1.

A separate UPS backed supply for the controls will also be provided by CELLS. This will also consist of a circuit breaker located within the Linac Technical Area and will include controls, vacuum equipment and critical loads associated with the Linac.

The individual ratings required for these supplies shall be identified at the tender stage by the bidder.

A central power distribution cabinet, supplied from one of the CELLS circuit breakers, shall be provided by the contractor. This shall house circuit-breakers to the individual racks and other Linac equipment. All electrical distribution will be carried out according to Spanish and CE regulations.

Each electrical rack within the linear accelerator system will have its own circuit breaker which shall be capable of being locked-off during maintenance work.

Each rack sub-circuit will be protected by an appropriately sized circuit breaker.

CELLS will install a number of auxiliary single and three-phase power outlets within the Linac and the Linac Technical Area not to be used during normal operation



6.3Linac Technical Area placement and General aspects

The linear accelerator and its associated Technical Area are shown on the layout drawing of Section 3.3. It will be necessary to design the control racks and panels and other associated equipment such that it will fit into the area without causing equipment and electrical access difficulties. Adequate space must be available around equipment and panels for safe working access for installation, commissioning and foreseeable maintenance activities.

The contractor will furnish all equipment, materials, tools, facilities, and labour to perform all the work necessary to design, manufacture, install and test the electrical system as per this specification.



This work shall include:

Additionally enclosures, racks etc shall have a stainless steel or aluminium nameplate on each unit that shall include the following information (in 14 point size fonts):



6.4Layout

The bidder shall provide, at tender, a layout drawing showing the positions of all equipment within the Linac and the Technical Area. This shall clearly identify the function of each rack and the equipment contained within it. Wherever possible equipment shall be located in the Technical Area for ease of maintenance and accessibility. Wherever this is not possible the reasons should be explained in the tender.



6.5Electrical safety issues

Electrical equipment shall be constructed in accordance with best practice and must conform to all applicable Spanish and EC norms. Where possible high voltage components, connectors, wiring terminations, etc. should be physically separated from low voltage control circuits. Personnel should not be exposed to high voltages while performing routine service on energised control circuits.

All equipment shall be housed in standard 19” racks.

Enclosure covers shall only be removable with the use of tools. Following the removal of covers to allow access to the internal components, any high voltage conductor (greater than 25 V ac or 60V dc) should be shielded.

It is anticipated that electrical equipment will not require isolation before personnel access to the Linac tunnel is permitted.



6.6Sub-contractors

Any electrical sub-contractors used shall be familiar with Spanish electrical installation practices and standards and shall be subject to CELLS approval.



6.7Thermal Environment

It is planned that the electrical equipment racks will be located in the Linac Technical Area. The air temperature within the Technical Area is expected to be about 24±1ºC.

The electrical equipment shall be capable of operation in an ambient temperature range of 10º C to 40º C.

7.Radio Frequency


7.1Introduction

It is anticipated that the RF system will comprise a low power RF drive system, two high power pulse klystrons, along with a high voltage power supply, and a waveguide feeder system.



7.2Safety

7.2.1Non-ionising Radiation

The microwave power leakage from any RF system shall not exceed 50 W/m2.

7.2.2Radiation

The radiation dose rate from any equipment shall not exceed 2.5 Sv/h outside the shielding of any equipment.



7.3Feeder Waveguide

The feeder waveguide shall be WR 284, and shall be constructed using standard waveguide components. If the waveguide is to be pressurised to increase the voltage breakdown limit, the gas used must be clearly stated along with all necessary precautions for safe operation and subsequent maintenance.

There must be monitoring of forward and reverse power in each feeder line.



7.4RF cable and connectors

All RF cable and connector types must be agreed with CELLS.



7.5Reference Frequency

A signal at the agreed master oscillator frequency at 1mW will be provided.



7.6 Control system and Interface

The RF system will be required to interface with the CELLS Control system. Refer to Section 12 for more information.

In addition, the RF system should be controlled through a local control. Refer to Section 12 for more information.



8.Beam Diagnostics

8.1Introduction

The installation and layout of the diagnostic system instrumentation to confirm the operation and performance of the beam properties of the electron gun and Linac systems is the responsibility of the contractor. However, CELLS puts forward a proposal of beam diagnostic components to be used by the contractor as starting point. Alternatives to the proposal shall be discussed with CELLS.

8.2Diagnostic Equipment Proposal

Figure 8.2-1 shows the proposed beam diagnostic components. Note that the bending magnet at the end of the Linac is not part of this specification but that the beam diagnostic components after it, being part integral of the acceptance test do form part of the specification.



TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR THE CELLS ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR INDEX



Figure 8.2‑1 Proposed implementation of Diagnostics to confirm operation


BCM: Beam Charge Monitor

F-cup: Faraday Cup

FS/OTR: Screen Monitors

BPM: Beam Position Monitor

SRM Synchrotron Radiation Monitor

WCM: Wall Current Monitor


Where in-vacuum devices such as Beam Position Monitors pickups and devices consisting of ceramic breaks are used, these must all conform to the vacuum specifications.

All changes to this proposal have to be agreed by CELLS in written form.

8.3Diagnostic Equipment

Diagnostic equipment shall be designed with state of the art technology and shall be capable of measuring the parameters specified at the acceptance test. The choice of beam diagnostic components must be agreed with CELLS, prior to purchase and installation.

8.4Cabling and Connectors

Cabling and connectors must be of a high quality and according to EC regulations. The choice of any signal cabling, connector type, cable runs and quality, must be agreed by CELLS, prior to purchase and installation.

All installations must conform to current EC Electro-magnetic compatibility regulations.

8.5Associated electronics

Where appropriate the choice of associated electronics for the installed diagnostic components must be also agreed with CELLS, prior to purchase.



8.6Control system and Interface

The diagnostic components will be required to interface with the CELLS Control system. Refer to Section 12 for more information.

In addition, the diagnostic components should be controlled through a local control. Refer to Section 12 for more information.





9.Magnets

In the Linac a number of solenoids and magnets will be required to bend, steer and focus the electron beam.

The design and manufacture of the magnets are part of the overall linear accelerator programme.

9.1General Aspects

9.1.1Scope

The contractor will furnish all equipment, materials, tools, facilities, and labour to perform all the work necessary to design, manufacture, install and test the magnets as per this specification.



9.1.2Nameplate

The magnets shall have a stainless steel or aluminium nameplate on each unit that shall include the following information (in 14 point size fonts).



9.2Safety

9.2.1General

The magnets will be constructed in accordance with best practice and must conform to all applicable Spanish and EC norms.

The coil terminals, the connection posts and all metallic parts connected to them should be protected against accidental contact by an insulating transparent cover.

9.3Thermal environment

For magnets with more than 500 W of power the preferred method of cooling is water cooling, although smaller magnets can be air-cooled. Alternative cooling schemes will be considered but shall be subject to review and acceptance by CELLS.


9.3.1Water cooling systems

There shall be no water pipe joint within the high voltage modules.

The materials used must be compatible with the use of demineralised water.

Input and output connections shall be clearly labelled


9.3.2Thermal protection

All water cooled magnets should be equipped with a water flow switch which should be used as interlock by the power supply control system.

Thermal interlock switches shall be mounted on all coils and also used as interlocks by the power supply control system.


9.4Performance parameters

The magnets should operate at less than 3 % saturation.

The magnets should be rated to 110 % of the expected nominal current to provide operational room.


9.5Tests

The programme of tests to be carried out shall be agreed by CELLS.

Tests on the magnets should include, but not be limited to:


9.5.1On the coils


The detailed list of test parameters as well as of rejection parameters shall be agreed once the magnets have been designed by the contractor.


9.5.2On the complete magnet



9.6Magnetic measurements

After all electrical and mechanical tests have been completed, each magnet will be magnetically measured. The measurements will characterise the magnet by measuring, at least:


9.6.1 Solenoid magnets

Magnetic field versus DC excitation at the centre line of the magnet.

Field integral on the centre line of the magnet at 3 different radial positions, for 3 different DC excitations. The length of the measurement should extend well beyond the magnet at each end.


9.6.2Quadrupole magnets

Magnetic field versus DC excitation at the pole tip.

The integrated gradient for 3 different DC excitations. The preferred measuring method will involved the use of a rotating coil system.

The magnitude of the high harmonic components for 3 different DC excitations


9.6.3 Corrector Dipole magnets

Magnetic field versus DC excitation at the centre of the gap.

Field integral on the vertical centre line of the gap at 3 different horizontal positions, for 3 different DC excitations. The length of the measurement should extend well beyond the yoke at each end.


10. POWER SUPPLIES

10.1Introduction

In the Linac a number of power supplies will be required to feed the magnets, the RF and other components.

The design and manufacture of the power supplies are part of the overall linear accelerator programme.

10.2General Aspects

10.2.1Scope

The contractor will furnish all equipment, materials, tools, facilities, and labour to perform all the work necessary to design, manufacture, install and test the power supplies as per this specification.

10.2.2Nameplate

The power supply shall have a stainless steel or aluminium nameplate on each unit that shall include the following information (in 14 point size fonts).



10.3Safety

10.3.1General

The power supplies will be constructed in accordance with best practice and must conform to all applicable Spanish and EC norms. All high voltages (greater than 25V ac or 60V dc) shall be enclosed or compartmentalised. High voltage components, connectors, wiring terminations, etc. shall be physically separated from low voltage control circuits. Personnel should not be exposed to high voltages while performing routine service on energised control circuits.

10.3.2Equipment housing enclosure

It is envisaged that the power supply units will be 19” rack mounted with racks centrally located in the Linac technical Area. The placement of equipment outside the Linac technical Area should be approved by CELLS

Enclosure covers shall only be removable with the use of tools. Following the removal of covers to allow access to the internal components, any high voltage conductor (greater than 25 V ac or 60V dc) should be shielded.

10.3.3Transformer Oil and Catchment

Any transformer oil used with the klystron RF system must comply with BS148:1998.

Containers holding transformer oil are to be protected against possible leakage by provision of local collection. The collector must be capable of holding 100% of the oils used and the design must incorporate safe and straightforward methods of removal and disposal. Further to this, a means of protecting surrounding areas from oil contamination when oil based systems are being maintained, for example during replacement of a klystron, must be incorporated.



10.4Contactors, Switches and Circuit breakers

AC input power will be supplied through a CELLS installed external circuit breaker. Main power circuits will be supplied with three phases/single phase mains electricity at nominal 380V/220V 50 Hz. For units greater than 2 kW a three phase supply is preferred.

Control circuits will be fed from a separate UPS backed single phase mains supply at nominal 220V, 50 Hz.


10.5Thermal environment

For supplies above 2 kW the preferred method of cooling is water cooling, although smaller units will be air-cooled. Alternative cooling schemes will be considered but shall be subject to review and acceptance by CELLS.


10.5.1Water cooling systems

There shall be no water pipe joint within the HV modules.

The materials used must be compatible with the use of demineralised water.

Input and output connections shall be clearly labelled


10.5.2Thermal protection

Thermal interlock switches shall be mounted on all heat sinks and used as interlocks by the power supply control system.



10.6Reliability and Maintainability

In the proposed design emphasis should be placed on high reliability, reparability and low maintenance.

The power supply shall be designed to withstand the following faulty conditions without damage:

To minimise repair times diagnosis of faults must be rapid. contractors are encouraged to provide test facilities to quickly identified faulty components.

The power supplies shall be designed and constructed for continuous operation.



10.7Electrical engineering Issues

10.7.1Electromagnetic noise, Harmonic and Transient loading on the Supply

Under all operating conditions and load variations, compliance with the regulations on harmonics of the local contractor must be achieved. The address of the contractor will be provided by CELLS at an early stage of the contract.

10.7.2Power factor efficiency

The power supply should have as high an efficiency as possible. contractors should note that the operating costs over a ten years period will be taken into account in evaluating the tender. Power factor efficiencies have to be stated at tender.



10.8Performance parameters

The power supplies should be rated to 110 % of the maximum current in the magnet to provide operational room. The power supplies should be rated to 115 % of the maximum voltage across the magnet to account for cable losses.



10.9Control system and Interface

The power supply unit will be required to interface with the CELLS Control system. Refer to Section 12 for more information.

In addition, the power supply should be controlled through a local control system. Refer to section 12 for more information.

The status of the power supply shall be always displayed locally. The front panel should at least provide indicators for the following states of the power supply: ON, OFF, READY, FAULT and status of each interlock bit.

The following signals shall be, as a minimum, exchanged on change of condition with the control system in all control modes:

ON, OFF; RESET, INTERNAL FAULT, EXTERNAL FAULT, CURRENT or VOLTAGE (as appropriate).



10.10Tests

The tests at the factory and on-site must establish that all items of the power supply meet the performance requirements.

Final acceptance test must include, as a minimum the following tests:

Control functions shall be tested through all states

All interlock functions shall be checked for proper operation and indications. All fault status shall be latched until read and reset.

Diagnostic test facilities shall be tested

After the warm-up period, the regulation and reproducibility of the power supply, in the short term, shall be measured at a minimum of four output values spanning the working range for a minimum of 2 hours for each value.

After the warm-up period, the regulation and reproducibility of the power supply, in the long term, shall be measured at a minimum of two output values spanning the working range for a minimum of 8 hours for each value.

Isolation testing shall be performed on all power supplies. These tests shall be performed at 50 Hz for 1 minute duration at 2500 V rms. The actual leakage current shall be measured and recorded.

All water cooled equipment shall be tested to 2 times its nominal operating pressure.

Water cooling systems shall be tested to determine the flow rate at nominal pressure drop.

Audible noise measurement

In-rush current measurement

Harmonic Analysis

Ripple voltage/current measurement

11.Vacuum Systems

11.1General

The vacuum design of the Linac is the responsibility of the contractor, however the details of the Linac vacuum system need to be discussed with CELLS since these items form part of the vacuum system of CELLS. The following sub-sections of the specification are intended to ensure compatibility with other parts of the machine. Alternatives shall be discussed with CELLS.

11.2Construction

The overall construction of the vacuum exposed parts of the Linac must conform to accepted clean high vacuum practice, to guarantee the lowest possible outgassing rate after installation.

In particular:



11.3Vacuum Equipment

CELLS shall free-issue to the contractor all vacuum instrumentation, and associated control units, high vacuum pumps and associated power supply units and vacuum valves which are to be incorporated in the Linac vacuum systems, including all connecting cables and software.

The anticipated generic vacuum equipment consists of:

No other types of equipment may be used without the prior written agreement of CELLS. The details of items required (such as numbers and speeds of pumps, numbers of gauges, etc.) and the expected dates when they shall be required by the contractor for installation shall be agreed during the design phase of the contract. Wherever possible, commercially available vacuum equipment have the priority for the use in the Linac vacuum system as long they met the specifications and the requirements, and must obey the general safety requirements of CELLS.



11.4Vacuum System Design

The contractor shall determine the necessary vacuum pressures in each part of the Linac for satisfactory long-life operation and the necessary pumping scheme to maintain that pressure.

The vacuum system shall be designed so that the pressure throughout the Linac shall be better than 1.0∙10-8 mbar and the degree of cleanliness as specified in section 11.7. The gun shall be capable of being isolated from the remainder of the Linac by means of a pneumatically operated all-metal vacuum gate valve. The exit tube of the Linac shall be terminated in a pneumatically operated all-metal vacuum gate valve.

Each individual isolatable part of the vacuum system shall be fitted with adequate vacuum gauges and with a right angle 63 mm all-metal vacuum valve for the attachment of a rough pumping cart and a let up valve for venting by dry nitrogen as part of the roughing station.



11.5Vacuum cleaning and processing

The vacuum components used to build the Linac vacuum system must be cleaned properly according to its material and to UHV cleaning standards to remove any contamination in the surface.

Each vacuum vessel must be baked-out under vacuum using a clean turbomolecular pump backed with dry “oil free” mechanical pumping system prior to installation on the girder, usually the bakeout temperature is 250º C for not less than 24 hours.

The system must include a residual gas analyser and a penning gauge to carry out the tests described in section 11.7.1. After bakeout, no let-up to atmospheric pressure must take place until final installation on site, and any let up process must be to dry nitrogen with cleanliness, purity, pressure and dew point according to UHV specifications for accelerators.



11.6Vacuum control system

All vacuum equipment shall be controlled and supervised by means of a control system compatible with that specified in Section 12.

Critical interlocks should be hardwired. The precise details and configuration of the control system shall be agreed during the design phase of the contract.



11.7Acceptance tests

11.7.1At the contractor site

After the cleaning and the bakeout:


  1. The contractor will demonstrate that the Linac vacuum system is leak tight to better than 1.0∙10-9 mbar l/s.


  1. The contractor will demonstrate that the Linac vacuum system outgassing rate is below 1.0∙10-8 mbar l/s after 10 hours of the end of the bakeout cycle, where the chamber temperature is below 30º C.


  1. The contractor shall demonstrate that the pressure at the exit flange of the Linac is lower than 1.0∙10-8 mbar.

  2. The residual Gas Mass Spectrum shall be recorded over the mass range 1-200 AMU to determine the degree of cleanliness; the hydrocarbon contamination, defined as the sum of all mass peaks greater than mass 40, but excluding mass 44, shall be less than 1% of the total pressure in the system. Residual chlorinated solvent contamination, defined as the sum total of the mass peaks at mass numbers 35 and 37, shall be less than 0.1% of the total pressure in the system.

The gaskets used during these measurements must be of the same type of gaskets to be used in the vessels when they are installed in the Linac.



The contractor will provide information on the measured working pressure at the e-gun, and an indication of its cleanliness by means of residual gas analyser scans.



11.7.2After delivery

The tests described in section 11.7.1 will be repeated.

11.8Handling, packing, labelling and shipping

Every vacuum vessel and component need to be labelled and specified properly. Vacuum components must be delivered under vacuum or pressurized to 110 kPa with dry nitrogen. Special care is required during handling, backing, storing and shipping to avoid any damage or contamination to the vacuum components (e.g. protection for the knife edge flange from damage, or assemblies from shocks or vibrations); the components must be supported properly and secured during shipment.

12.LINAC CONTROL SYSTEM AND INTERFACE


The Linac control system shall be provided by the contractor, and shall be designed and developed to be easily integrated in the CELLS accelerator control system. There is an internal CELLS document which describes the state diagrams for the Linac control and its subsystems. This document will be given to the contractor on demand and it should be used as a basis for the documentation and software development.

12.1Hardware architecture

The hardware architecture will be distributed, and shall be divided in two functional levels (see figure 1): operator interface and input/output controller. The operator interface shall be a linux workstation and will be provided by CELLS and the input/output controller shall be one (or more than one) industrial PC and provided by the contractor after discussions with CELLS. The industrial PC will interface with commercial PLCs (e.g. siemens http://www.ad.siemens.de/simatic/portal/index_76.htm) or fieldbuses node (e.g. wago, http://www.wago.com) through a standard fieldbus (preferably Ethernet). The fieldbus nodes could be interfaced either by the industrial PC or by a PLC.

The contractor choice of hardware devices shall be subject to review and acceptance by CELLS.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR THE CELLS ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR INDEX

Figure 12.1-1. Hardware architecture

12.2Software architecture

The software architecture is also distributed, and will very likely be “tango” (http://www.esrf.fr/tango), however that should not affect the control system provided by the contractor.

Figure 2 presents the software system architecture. It presents the parts under the responsibility of CELLS and the ones under the responsibility of the contractor.

The linux release running for the Linac control system must be agreed with CELLS.


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR THE CELLS ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR INDEX

Figure 12.2-1. Software architecture



12.3Items to be provided by the contractor

The following items should be provided by the contractor in order to interface the Linac control system with the CELLS control system:

  1. A computer callable interface to change and read all necessary parameters. The library API must be agreed with CELLS.

  2. This interface has to be well documented (in English) and tested. Its efficiency (considering software and hardware overhead) has to be optimized and documented.

  3. Example applications which carry out the most commonly used operations have to be provided and documented. These examples have to use all the function calls in the library and be sufficient to test the Linac.

  4. All the source code developed for the Linac control system (drivers, interface library and example applications) must be provided (possibly only to people who signed a non disclosure agreement). This software should be developed in C (another language must be agreed with CELLS), it should be POSIX compliant and it will be built on a unix platform using the GNU compiler GCC.

  5. The contractor has to provide the information about which parts of the control system (hardware and software) are custom made for this project, which are using company internal developments and which commercial products are used.

  6. Direct access to a technical competent person in this matter (preferably the programmer of the libraries) who helps during the integration process has to be made possible.


12.4Interlocks

All systems with water and/or air cooling must generate interlocks for errors in the water or air cooling. Also, all the cooled devices must have a temperature interlock.

Finally every subsystem must have specific interlocks that must be agreed between CELLS and the contractor.

Interlocks should be designed to be failsafe:

When some of the interlocks have been tripped, the system or subsystem shall not be operational, even if the cause of the interlocks trip has been cleared, until the operator has reset the interlocks, either manually when in local mode or remotely when in remote mode. The error conditions must be identified both by the operator and the control system.


12.5Alarm signals

All the cooling systems must generate temperature alarms when temperatures are over or under programmable thresholds.

The rest of devices that will generate alarms will be agreed between CELLS and the contractor.


12.6Hardware interface

The Linac control system will have the following hardware interfaces with the CELLS complex:



The connectors and signals levels for these interfaces must be agreed with CELLS following the award of the contract.





13.Quality Assurance, DOCUMENTATION, Testing and Guarantee

13.1Introduction

The contractor shall maintain and apply a quality assurance program compliant with ISO-9001 for the design, manufacture and testing of all systems and equipment provided by them. CE marking of equipment should be applied wherever required.

The contractor must supply, in English, full support documentation and drawings for all equipment supplied to CELLS under this contract. This will include operation and maintenance manuals; 2 copies in ring binder format with full details of the systems and apparatus supplied under the contract. In addition the contractor should provide 2 full sets of documentation in electronic format on physical media (pdf and source document to be included).

All equipment shall be manufactured in accordance with the best existing techniques and recognised good engineering practices available at the time of construction. All systems shall be designed and constructed with an expected operational lifetime greater than 20 years. It is understood that maintenance may be required during this period.

It is expected that after an initial testing period that the system will be powered continuously.

Systems shall be designed and constructed for continuous use. Maintenance periods will be scheduled once every three months for approximately 5 working days. Maintenance outside of these periods should not be required.

The overall MTBF of the Linac must be longer than 500 hours.



13.2Guarantee

The contractor shall guarantee their equipment against failure due to either faulty components or faulty manufacture for a period of 24 months after the equipment is accepted by CELLS. This guarantee shall not be invalidated by the opening of equipment covers for visual examination and diagnostic tests. It is warranted that no modifications will be undertaken without the written permission of the contractor.



13.3Factory and Customer Installation Site Testing

13.3.1Introduction

The tests at the factory and on-site together must establish that all items of the manufactured equipment completely meet the linear accelerator performance requirements as described in this specification.

Installation and testing shall conform at all times to the local safety codes.

13.3.2Factory Testing and Right of Access to Tests

CELLS will have the right to observe the tests and suggest additional ones.

The contractor shall give at least 10 working days notice of any test date to allow the necessary travel arrangements to be made.

13.3.3General Arrangements

CELLS reserves the right to require additional or more extensive tests to be conducted in the event of marginal design or performance.

The contractor shall formulate acceptance test procedures for all systems and will provide the facility and instrumentation to perform all relevant tests to ensure compliance with this specification. Additionally, diagnostic equipment that is free issued to the contractor and that is incorporated with the design must be used during tests when appropriate. The acceptance test procedures shall include but not be limited to all of the testing procedures specifically outlined in this document, but also those necessary to prove compliance with this specification. These test procedures are subject to CELLS review and acceptance.

Review and acceptance of CELLS shall not release the contractor from its responsibility to correct errors, oversights and omissions to ensure conformance to the specifications in this document.



13.4Final Acceptance Testing

For purpose of warranty, the final acceptance of installation is defined as the successful completion of acceptance tests at the Customers site to substantiate the compliance with this specification.

It will be a condition of final acceptance that the contractor must have provided to CELLS’s satisfaction, full documentation as noted throughout this specification, to cover all systems embodied within this contract.



13.5Extent of Final Acceptance Testing

Final Acceptance testing may include any or all of the following tests:







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