COURSE TITLE SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES DATE REVISED DECEMBER 1996 PREPARED

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CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Course Title: ENV 450 Sustainable POMONA Communities

Course Title: Sustainable Communities

Date Revised: December, 1996

Prepared by: S. Stine and N. Vernon


I. Catalog Description

ENV 450 Sustainable Communities (4)


Examination of traditional, historical, alternative, co-housing and future communities in a cross-cultural perspective. Exploration of legal and economic organization of land holding patterns, housing and community design features, and values inhibiting or facilitating experimentation in the development of sustainable communities in Western and non-Western settings.


II. Required Background or Experience


No prerequisites; upper division standing. This course provides an opportunity for students to study community design from the perspective of both Western and non-Western people who are working to create more environmentally-sensitive living areas. It is particularly relevant to the student who is planning to include a sustainable or 'green' focus in their career track.


III. Expected Outcomes


The overall goal of this course is to provide a background of sustainable community development in a cross-cultural perspective in order to understand the process of change in both the built form and social organization necessary to support these living environments. Specific objectives of this course are that students will:


1. Examine the design of past and present sustainable communities in a variety cultural, geographic and economically-diverse situations on a worldwide basis.


2. Increase their knowledge of sustainable community development in order to understand the process of change in both the built form and social organization necessary to support these living environments.

3. Investigate the differences as well as commonalties between groups, most strongly focusing on cultural practices (particularly human behavioral practices, environmental ethics, and artistic/design expressions) that are part of the physical design of sustainable communities.

4. Analyze the non-Western and non-traditional physical design of sustainable communities historically and better understand the role of cultural belief systems in the design of these communities.


5. Study those design components of a sustainable community that must deal with waste, water, food, shelter and energy in various geographic areas of the world.


6. Develop an awareness of the issues in sustainable communities that relate to changes in behaviors and how this is supported or inhibited by design factors.


7. Critically evaluate human-factor issues in relation to the physical design of these communities, in particular the sustainable or regenerative goals and constraints.


8. Stimulate their creative thinking to address issues and propose solutions for future design directions.

Sustainable Communities, p. 2

IV. Text and Readings


It is suggested that two text books be required along with readings drawn from current literature on sustainable community development. Video presentations from India, Africa, Japan and Mexico and slide presentations of settings in the United States also are used.


Texts:

Suzuki, David and Peter Knudtson. 1992. Wisdom of the Elders: Sacred Native Stories of Nature. NY: Bantam Books.


Todd, Nancy and John Todd. 1994. From Eco-cities to Living Machines Principles of Ecological Design. CA. North Atlantic Books.


(a supplemental bibliography of publications follows)


V. Minimum Students Materials

Purchase of required texts and readings, computer access and access to World Wide Web.


VI. Minimum College Facilities


Classroom space suitable for slide and video media presentations. Flexible seating to allow small group student interaction.

VII. Course Outline


Typically, the course schedule might follow this outline:


A. Introduction to 'sustainable' as a term, philosophy and design guideline.


B. Overview of historical trends in the past to create sustainable communities; reasons for success and failure; differences among geographical areas and different cultural practices.


C. Study of our ancestors' sustainable community life style.

1. Investigation of native people's patterns of living on the land on a world-wide basis as this relates to a sustainable life-style.

2. Investigation of personal family background and sustainable lessons of ones 'elders'. Focus on area of world represented by each students' ancestors.


D. Current examples of sustainable environments; as places to live, work, farm or learn in both Western and non-Western areas of the world.

1. Issues of energy.

2. Issues of waste.

3. Issues of shelter.

4. Issues of water.

5. Issues of food.


E. Locational issues in developing sustainable communities; climate, population, land form and vegetation.


F. Human issues in developing sustainable communities; culture, work, communication and leadership.



Sustainable Communities, p. 3


G. Design dimensions for the locational and human issues that include building in flexibility for the physical structures and potential human organization.


I. Evaluation of sustainable community design and future projections for developed and developing areas of the world.


VIII. Instructional Methods


Students are organized into small groups that represent a mix of the many cultures represented by each class and a mix of the different majors. These groups are used for discussion purposes where everyone learns from each other’s particular background. The investigation of the community life and the environmental ethic represented by one's ancestors is organized into a Class Elder Essay book that circulates so that everyone can experience each other’s description (poems, art, short essay) of their particular cultural background. A weekly 10 minute free-flow writing time is required, and the results are reacted to by the instructor and within the small groups. This writing often deals with the presentations that use videos. In addition, students are asked to investigate a current sustainable community using the World Wide Web as a resource and then to present the results of their investigation to the class.


IX. Evaluation of Outcomes


Students will be evaluated on the basis of attendance, small group participation, investigation and presentation of their sustainable community, and weekly journal reactions to the assigned readings and other required writing. The course has a significant writing component in that students are asked to write an essay at the beginning of the course tracing their own family and ethnic roots in community, to prepare weekly critical reaction papers to readings, to keep a journal, and then to write a final paper that summarizes the students investigations with bibliographic references and describes their design guidelines for a future sustainable community. Students are also asked to complete a mid-quarter goal-setting description and an end of the quarter self-assessment.



Supplemental Bibliography:


Brown, Lester R. State of the World. 1995. NY: W.W. Norton, 1995.


Brown, Lester. Building a Sustainable Society. NY: W. W. Norton, 1981.


Brown, Lester, Christopher Flavin and Sandra Postel. Saving the Planet. NY: W W Norton, 1991.


Callenbach, Ernest. Ecotopia. NY: Bantam books, 1976.


Coates, Gary. Resettling America: Energy, Ecology and Community: The Movement Toward Local Self-Reliance. MA: Brick House Publishing, 1981.


Corson, Walter. Sustainable Development: A Guide to Our Common Future. Wash. DC: Global Tomorrow Coalition, 1989.


Critchfield, Richard. Villages. NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1981.


Douglass, Gordon. Sustainability In a Changing World Order. CO: Westview Press, 1984.

Sustainable Communities, p. 4



Franck, K. and Sherry Ahrentzen. New Households, New Housing. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989.


Fromm, Dorit. Collaborative Communities: CoHousing, Central Living and Other New Forms of Housing with Shared Facilities. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.


Fruendlich, P. A Guide to Cooperative Alternatives. CONN: Community Publishing, 1979.

Gates, David M. Energy and Ecology. MASS: Sinauer Asociates, 1985.


Gore, Al. Earth in the Balance. NY: Houghton Mifflin, 1992.


Hawken, Paul. Ecology of Commerce. NY: Holt Rinehard and Winston, 1994.


Hayden, Dolores. Redesigning the American Dream. NY: W.W. Norton, 1984.


Hayden, Dolores. Seven American Utopias: The Architecture of Communitarian Socialism, 1790-1975. MA: MIT Press, 1976.


Hedgepeth, Wm. and Dennis Stock. The Alternative: Communal Life in North America. NY: Macmillan, 1970.


Hester, Randolph. Community Design Primer. CA: Ridge Times Press, 1990.


Hine, Robert V. California's Utopian Colonies. CONN: Yale University Press, 1953.


Hough, Michael. City Form and Natural Process. London: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984.


Jackson, Wess. New Roots for Agriculture. CA: Friends of the Earth, 1980.


Kagan, Paul. New World Utopias. NY: Penguin Books, 1975.


Kanter Rosabeth Moss. Commitment and Community. MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.


Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. Communes: Creating and Managing The Collective Life. NY: Harper and Row,1993.


Lewis, Martin W. Green Delusions. NC: Duke University Press, 1992


Lovelock, James. Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth. NY: Oxford University Press, 1979.


Lovins, Amory and Hunter Lovins. Brittle Power. MA: Brick House Publishing, 1982.


Lyle, John T. Regnerative Design for Sustainable Development. NY: John Wiley, 1994.


Mantell, Michael, S. Harper and L. Propst. Creating Successful Communities. Wash. DC: Island Press, 1992.


McCamant, K and C. Durrett. Co Housing: A Contemporary Approach to Housing Ourselves. CA: Habitat Press, 1988.



Sustainable Communities, p. 5


McLaughlin, C. and Gordon Davidson. Builders of the Dawn: Community Lifestyles in a Changing World. CA: Book Publishing, 1986.


Meadows, Conella, Dennis Meadows and Jorgen Randers. Beyond the Limits, Confronting Global Collapse Envisioning a Sustainable Future. VE: Chelsea Green Publishing, 1992.


Mollison, Bill. Permaculture Two. Tasmania: Tagari Books, 1979.


Norwood, Ken and Kathleen Smith. Rebuilding Community in America. CA: Shared Living Resource Center, 1995.


Redcliff, Michael. Sustainable Development, Exploring the Contradictions. London: Methuen, 1987.


Rudolfsky, Bernard. Architecture Without Architects. NY: Doubleday, 1964.


Sargent, Frederick O., P. Lusi, J. Rifera and M. Varela. Rural Environmental Planning for Sustainable Communities. Wash. DC: Island Press, 1992.


Schumacker, E. F. Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered. NY: Harper & Row, 1973.


Scientific American. Energy for Planet Earth. NY: W. H. Freeman, 1991.


Silver, Cheryl. One Earth One Future. Wash.DC: National Academy Press, 1990.


Spiro, Melford E. Kibbutz Venture in Utopia. NY: Shocken, 1956.


Thayer, R. Grey World, Green Heart. NY: J. Wiley, 1994.


Todd, John and Nancy Todd. The Village as Solar Ecology: Proceedings of the New Alchemy/Threshold Generic Design Conference, April 16-21, 1979.


Todd, John and Nancy Todd. Tomorrow is Our Permanent Address. NY: Harper Row, 1980.


Van der Ryn, Sim and P. Calthrope. Sustainable Communities: A New Design Synthesis of Cities, Suburbs and Towns. CA: Sierra Club books, 1986.


Walter, Bob, Lois Arkin and Richard Crenshaw. Sustainable Cities. CA: Eco-Home Media, 1992.


Zimmerman, Michael, et.al. Environmental Philosophy. NJ: Prentice Hll, 1993







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