PUMP WATER OR PRODUCE LARVAE? OSCULA OCCLUSION DURING THE

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Evidence of feeding interruption during the reproduction period of the sponge Svenzea zeai (supposing the veil is not bacteria…)




Pump water or produce larvae? Oscula occlusion during the reproductive period of the sponge Svenzea zeai

Susanna López-Legentil1,*, and Xavier Turon2

1Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates), University of Barcelona. 645 Diagonal Ave. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

2Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC, c/ Accés cala St Francesc, 14 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain.

(Accepted XXXX XX, XXXX)

TPUMP WATER OR PRODUCE LARVAE? OSCULA OCCLUSION DURING THE he sponge Svenzea zeai (Demospongiae; Halichondrida) is a common inhabitant of the Caribbean Sea known to brood the largest larvae recorded for sponges all year long (Rützler et al. 2003). In June 2008, we observed several specimens of S. zeai in the Bahamian islands of Little San Salvador (ca. 10%) and Plana Cay (ca. 80%) with some or all oscula occluded partially or totally by a thin veil (Fig. 1A). All sponges exhibiting closed oscula were brooding embryos (Fig. 1B) but not all brooding sponges had occluded oscula. The development of the veil appeared to interfere with water flow through the osculum suggesting a diminution of water circulation throughout the sponge and the associated activities of filter-feeding, respiration and waste removal. We subsequently analyzed the oscular rims using electron microscopy and observed that the sponge mesohyl in the rim of the veil was occupied by a cell type (ca. 30% of the sections’ surface) filled with inclusions of granular content. Our observations suggested that the contents of these vesicles were continuously released forming the mucous material of the veil (Fig. 1C).

Disruption of the aquiferous system in sponges is uncommon and has generally been associated with pollution and disease (Olesen and Weeks 1994), or resting stages (Turon et al. 1999). The benthic communities present in Little San Salvador and Plana Cay appeared healthy, and no diseased sponges were observed. We postulate that the sponge aquiferous system may become partially disorganized during reproductive activity, temporarily decreasing the water flow through the sponge and allowing the accumulation of mucus in the oscula.

Acknowledgments: We thank Joseph R Pawlik for inviting us aboard the R/V Seward Johnson, and Patrick M. Erwin for his comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.


REFERENCES

Olesen, TME, Weeks JM (1994) Accumulation of Cd by the marine sponge Halichondria panicea Pallas: Effects upon filtration rate and its relevance for biomonitoring. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52: 722-728.

Rützler K, RWM van Soest B Alvarez. 2003. Svenzea zeai, a Caribbean reef sponge with a giant larva, and Scopalina ruetzleri: a comparative fine-structural approach to classification (Demospongiae, Halichondrida, Dictyonellidae). Inv. Biol. 122: 203-222.

TPUMP WATER OR PRODUCE LARVAE? OSCULA OCCLUSION DURING THE uron, X, MJ Uriz, P Willenz. 1999. Cuticular linings and remodelisation processes in Crambe crambe (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Mem. Queensland Mus. 44: 617-625.


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Tags: during the, disorganized during, occlusion, produce, water, during, larvae?, oscula