QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS AUTHOR FERNANDO ZACARIAS LAB PARTNER NICHOLAS FRENCH

16 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION THE PURPOSE OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
38 A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT SEXUAL
5 REGRESSION WITH QUALITATIVE EXPLANATORY VARIABLES 1 INTRODUCTION EXPLANATORY

A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE PROCESSES BY WHICH CARERS
APPROCHE QUALITATIVE DU RÔLE DU TUTEUR DE FOAD DANS
CHAPTER 4 – CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 1

Qualitative Analysis









Qualitative Analysis


Author: Fernando Zacarias

Lab Partner: Nicholas French

Instructor: Steven Brown

Chem 104a-015

Date Completed: March 1, 2005

Date Submitted: March 8, 2005















Abstract:

Ten known ions with equal volume were used in spot tests to determine which would produce precipitates. This established the tests that successfully distinguished the presence of ions in a substance. After categorizing each test and the ions that it would successfully identify, a scheme was then used to expose an unknown mixture to the same tests that therefore eliminated the ions not composing the mixture. The ions that tested positive in the mixture were Ag+, Al3+, Co2+, and Mg2+.

Introduction:

Every existing compound, cations included, has a defined set of characteristics that distinguish it from all other compounds. This is useful in determining the presence of specific cations in a sample. By performing given tests on ten known ions, a scheme is then developed to confirm the presence of ions in other solutions. The results will be recorded from the confirmation tests conducted on each of the ions. This information will later be used to test for the presence of ions in unknown solutions. A control, a mixture of all possibilities, will also be tested.

The presence of an ion will be indicated by precipitation and pH. After the tests that illustrate the presence of specific ions are categorized and determined, corresponding tests will be performed on an unknown mixture to establish the present cations. Confirmation tests will then be conducted to verify the results of the initial experiment, and the four remaining ions will be declared as those composing the mixture.

Results:

Mass of salt for standard solutions:



QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS AUTHOR FERNANDO ZACARIAS LAB PARTNER NICHOLAS FRENCH








Name

M.W. (grams)

Mass of Salt (grams)

Aluminum Nitrate

375.14

0.9379

Calcium Nitrate

236.15

0.5904

Cobalt Nitrate

291.03

0.7276

Copper Nitrate

187.55

0.4689

Ferric Nitrate

404.00

1.0100

Magnesium Nitrate

256.41

0.6410

Nickel Nitrate

290.81

0.7270

Potassium Nitrate

101.11

0.2523

Silver Nitrate

169.88

0.4247

Sodium Nitrate

84.99

0.2125


Flame Test

Ion

Observation

Tested Positive?

Al3+

Orange Flame


Ca2+

Sparked


Co2+

Orange Flame


Cu2+

Green flame, then orange


Fe3+

Sparked w/ orange flash

Positive

K+

Orange flame


Ag+

Orange flame


Mg2+

Sparked, flashed, orange

Positive

Na+

Orange flame


Ni2+

Sparked w/ orange flame

Positive

Blank

Orange flame


Mix

Flashed, sparked w/ orange

Positive


Nitrosonaphthol

Ion

Observation

Tested Positive?

Al3+

Yellow w/ orange precipitate


Ca2+

Yellow w/ orange precipitate


Co2+

Red w/ orange precipitate

Positive

Cu2+

Yellow w/ brown precipitate

Positive

Fe3+

Black precipitate

Positive

K+

Yellow w/ orange precipitate


Ag+

Yellow w/ orange precipitate

Positive

Mg2+

Yellow w/ orange precipitate

Positive

Na+

Yellow solution


Ni2+

Yellow w/ brown precipitate

Positive

Blank

Yellow


Mix

Dark Brown solution

Positive


Thiocyanate

Ion

Observation

Tested Positive?

Al3+

Clear


Ca2+

Clear


Co2+

Pink

Positive

Cu2+

Yellow

Positive

Fe3+

Black

Positive

K+

Clear


Ag+

Opaque White

Positive

Mg2+

Clear


Na+

Clear


Ni2+

Clear


Blank

Clear


Mix

Dark Red w/ Brown

Positive


Four ions determined to be present:

Ag+, Al3+, Co2+, Mg2+


Test

Ag+

Al3+

Ca2+

Co2+

Cu2+

Fe3+

K+

Mg2+

Ni2+

Alizarian


X



X

X




Aluminon


X



X

X




Cinchonine

X




X

X




DMG




X

X

X



X

Nitro

X



X

X

X




Thiocyanate

X



X

X

X





Given: Fe3+ was not one of the ions used to compose the unknown mixtures.


Discussion:


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