11182021 416119DOC 33 THE INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE FOR REAL
11182021 416119DOC 33 THE INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE FOR REALCH100 FUNDAMENTALS FOR CHEMISTRY 11182021 CH 8 HANDOUT (ADDITIONAL)
The Input Offset Voltage
The Input Offset Voltage
For real op-amps, we typically find that if both inputs are grounded, the output will be—saturated!
A: The reason the output is saturated is that real op-amps exhibit a phenomenon called the input offset voltage Vos.
This
value can be either positive or negative, typically
with a magnitude of 5 mV or less (
).
A real op-amp therefore behaves as if it has a small, internal voltage source at the non-inverting input:
Input
Offset Voltage Equivalent Model
Applying the concept of a virtual short to the ideal op-amp, we find from KVL:
Thus,
!
Recall,
however, that the input offset voltage is typically very small
(i.e.,
),
so that
.
So, for an op-amp with an input offset voltage, the virtual “short” equation turns out to be:
Therefore,
if
,
we find that the output voltage of this op-amp is ideally equal
to:
Of course, since the differential voltage Aop is very large, the product Aop Vos is likewise large, such that the output of real op-amps will saturate.
Q: Does this mean that Vos will cause the output of op-amp circuits and amplifiers to saturate?
A: Fortunately no! However, the input offset voltage will affect the output of circuits and amplifiers made with op-amps.
Tags: 11182021, offset, 416119doc, input, voltage
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