LAB HR DIAGRAM PURPOSE IN THIS LAB WE WILL

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H-R Diagram Lab

Lab: H-R Diagram

Purpose: In this lab we will investigate the relationship between the temperature, brightness and diameter of stars.

Introduction

The H-R Diagram is a tool that astronomers use to classify stars based on their luminosity, magnitude, temperature, spectral class and evolutionary stage. The H-R Diagram was independently discovered in the early 1900’s by the Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung and the American astronomer Henry Norris Russell. In this activity you will construct an HR Diagram.

Materials: Pencil, graph paper

Procedure

Cut out the graph and secure it into your notebook.
Plot the stars from Group 1 onto the graph.
Once you have plotted the stars from Group 1, answer the Group 1 Questions in your notebook.
Using the same graph, plot the stars from Group 2.
Once you have plotted the stars from Group 2, answer Group 2 Questions in your notebook.

Using the same graph, plot the stars from Group 3.
Once you have plotted the stars from Group 3, answer the Group 3 Questions in your notebook.
Refer to your textbook to label the following regions of your diagram- Main Sequence, Red Giants, White Dwarfs.
Using the key at the bottom of the graph, color code your diagram.
Answer the Additional Questions in your notebook.

Questions:

Group 1

What would you tell someone who thinks that all stars are very similar (be sure to discuss temperature and brightness)?
How does our sun compare to other stars in brightness and temperature?
Are the stars scattered randomly on the graph, or is there a pattern? Explain.
Would you expect hotter stars to be dim or bright? Does the graph agree with this answer?

Group 2

Do the Group 2 stars follow the same pattern as the Group 1 stars that you plotted? Explain.
Overall, are the stars in Group 2 very bright or very dim?
Are these stars hot or cool compared to other stars?
Is the relationship of brightness to temperature for these stars puzzling, or does it make sense? Explain.

Group 3

Compare the areas of the graph where the Group 2 and Group 3 stars are plotted. How are they different?
Overall, are the stars in Group 3 very bright or very dim?
Are these stars hot or cool compared to other stars?
Is the relationship of brightness to temperature for these stars puzzling, or does it make sense? Explain.

Additional Questions

As you can see from the Group 1 stars, the cooler or hotter a star is, the brighter it will be. The Group 2 and Group 3 stars do not follow this pattern. Hence, there must be something besides temperature that can affect how bright a star is. Describe your own theory about these stars (Group 2 and Group 3). Why would their brightness not be strictly related to their temperature?
What is the "Main Sequence?"
What percent of all stars are on the Main Sequence?
Explain the process of Nuclear Fusion.
Why is the process of nuclear fusion important in stars?
Why aren’t the Group 2 and Group 3 stars on the Main Sequence?

LAB HR DIAGRAM PURPOSE IN THIS LAB WE WILL

CLASS COPY

Group 1	Apparent Magnitude	Distance (light-years)	Temperature (Kelvin)	Luminosity (Sun = 1)
Sun	-26.7	0.00002	5,800	1.00
Alpha Centauri A	-0.01	4.3	5,800	1.5
Alpha Centauri B	+1.4	4.3	4,200	0.33
Alpha Centauri C	+11.0	4.3	2,800	0.0001
Wolf 359	+13.66	7.7	2,700	0.00003
Lalande 21185	+7.47	8.1	3,200	0.0055
Sirius A	-1.43	8.7	10,400	23.0
Luyten 726-8 A	+12.5	8.7	2,700	0.00006
Luyten 726-8 B	+12.9	8.7	2,700	0.00002
Ross 154	+10.6	9.6	2,800	0.00041
Ross 248	+12.24	10.3	2,700	0.00011
Epsilon Eridani	+3.73	10.8	4,500	0.30
Ross 128	+11.13	11.0	2,800	0.00054
61 Cygni A	+5.19	11.1	4,200	0.084
61 Cygni B	+6.02	11.1	3,900	0.039
Procyon A	+0.38	11.3	6,500	7.3
Epsilon Indi	+4.73	11.4	4,200	0.14
Vega	+0.04	26.0	10,700	55.0
Achernar	+0.51	65.0	14,000	200.0
Beta Centauri	+0.63	300.0	21,000	5,000.0
Altair	+0.77	16.5	8,000	11.0
Spica	+0.91	260.0	21,000	2,800.0
70 Ophiuchi A	+4.3	17	5,100	0.6
Delta Aquarii A	+3.28	84	9,400	24.00
Delta Persei	+3.03	590	17,000	1,300.0
Zeta Persei A	+2.83	465	24,000	16,000.0
Tau Scorpii	+2.82	233	25,000	2,500.0
Barnard's Star	+9.54	6.0	2,800	0.00045
Luyten 789-6	+12.58	11.0	2,700	0.00009
Alpha Crucis	+1.39	400.0	21,000	4,000.0
Fomalhaut	+1.19	23.0	9,500	14.0
Deneb	+1.26	1,400.0	9,900	60,000.0
Group 2	Apparent Magnitude	Distance (light-years)	Temperature (Kelvin)	Luminosity (Sun = 1)
Arcturus	-0.06	36.0	4,500	110.0
Betelgeuse	+0.41	500.0	3,200	17,000.0
Aldebaran	+0.86	53.0	4,200	100.0
Antares	+0.92	400.0	3,400	5,000.0
Group 3	Apparent Magnitude	Distance (light-years)	Temperature (Kelvin)	Luminosity (Sun = 1)
Sirius B	+8.5	8.7	10,700	0.0024
Procyon B	+10.7	11.3	7,400	0.00055
Grw +70 8247	+13.19	49	9,800	0.0013
L 879-14	+14.10	63?	6,300	0.00068
Van Maanen's Star	+12.36	14	7,500	0.00016
W 219	+15.20	46	7,400	0.00021

Credit: Activity adapted from sir-ray.com

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