THE HISTORY OF SPAIN PLINY TO THE GUGGENHEIM HIST

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The History of Spain: Pliny to the Guggenheim

The History of Spain: Pliny to the Guggenheim

HIST 237 Fall 2008 MWF 14:10-15:00

Jeff Bowman, [email protected], Seitz House 11, PBX 5322


Of all the lands from the west to the Indies, you Spain, O sacred and always fortunate mother of princes and peoples, are the most beautiful. Rightly are you now the queen of all provinces, from which not only the west but also the east borrows its shining lights. You are the pride and ornament of the world, the more illustrious part of the earth . . .

-- Isidore of Seville, c. 560-636.


 This course surveys roughly two thousand years in the history of the Iberian peninsula, paying close attention to the intimate and always-shifting relations (political, economic, and cultural) between the peninsula and other parts of the world (Europe, north Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Americas). We move from Rome colonization of the Iberian peninsula to the place of Portugal and Spain in the European Union. Along the way, we examine the Visigothic kingdom; the interaction of Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Middles Ages; Spanish and Portuguese colonialism in the Americas, Africa, and Asia; the art of Goya and Velázquez; Catalan and Basque separatism; the Spanish Civil War, and the films of Pedro Almodóvar.


Required Texts


Simon Barton, A History of Spain

Olivia Remie Constable, Medieval Iberia: Readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources

Jon Cowans, Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History

Jon Cowans, Modern Spain: A Documentary History

Miguel de Cervantes, Exemplary Tales

Jose Maria Eça de Queiros, The City and the Mountains

Juan de Goytisolo, Count Julian


Films

Land and Freedom, Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, Almas sin frontera

THE HISTORY OF SPAIN PLINY TO THE GUGGENHEIM HIST

Course Requirements


There are a total of 1000 possible points to earn in this class. Everyone in the class must complete the first two components of coursework listed below. Together these are worth a possible 400 points. You must also choose three components from the list of seven assignments from the list that follows. For more information about semester grades, see the final page of the syllabus.


Provinhas

Over the course of the semester, there will be five short in-class quizzes. These will be straightforward and unannounced. I will use the four highest of your five scores to figure this portion of your final grade. There will be no retakes, no excuses, and no discussions about retakes or excuses. If you miss a quiz because you are not in class, you will receive a zero for that quiz.

200 points

(4 x 50 points)

Participation and Professionalism

In order to participate in class discussion, you must attend class and you must complete the assigned readings by class time. You must be prepared to discuss the assigned questions and to think about connections between any given day’s reading assignment and everything that has come before. If you hope to earn a high grade in this class, you must participate regularly, energetically, and thoughtfully. If you miss more than three class periods, your grade will drop swiftly and irrevocably.

200 points


Below is a list of seven assignments. Each has a possible value of 200 points. You must select three of these to complete over the course of the semester. Think about your schedule and about the kind of work that you would most like to accomplish in the course. In class on September 3, you will submit your schedule for the semester indicating which assignments you will complete and when you will submit them. You must submit all assignments by December 15 at 5:00 pm.


Response Papers

Write four 2-page response papers related to the assigned reading. You will choose due dates for these but there are a few guidelines you have to follow: (1) you must submit each response paper by 9:00 PM the day before the class on which we discuss the reading, (2) you must identify your submission dates in advance, (3) you can submit no more than one response paper during any given week of class and (4) you must submit two of the four response papers by October 8.

200 points

(4 x 50)

Short Papers

Write two 4-5 page papers on one of several possible assigned topics. You will choose a submission deadline for each, but at least one must be submitted by October 17.

200 points

(2 x 100)

Research Paper

Over the course of the semester, write a 10-12 page research paper focused on a topic formulated in consultation with me. If you choose this option, you will meet with me early in the semester (by September 12), so that I can approve the topic and give you some guidance about how you might proceed. You are strongly encouraged to check in with me regularly about your progress.

200 points

Wikipedia Intervention

Identify a Wikipedia entry related to the history of the Iberian peninsula and complete a thorough and rigorous review of the entry, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, and making improvements.

200 points

Source Study

We use three source anthologies in this course: Medieval Iberia, Early Modern Spain, and Modern Spain. You will choose a single primary source from one of these readers and answer a set of questions about the source and how historians might use it as a piece of evidence about the past.

200 points

Presentation

Individually or in a group of up to four students, give a 10-12 minute in-class presentation on a topic of your choosing. In consultation with the instructor, you will identify a suitable date for the presentation.

200 points

Final Exam

A two-hour final exam covering the entire semester. December 18, 8:30 am.

200 points

  1. Introduction

    1. Friday 29 August


  1. Celts, Iberians, Phoenicians and Romans (19,000 BCE - 134 BCE)

    1. Monday 1 September: Prehistory

      1. Barton, History of Spain, Introduction, pp. 1-13

      2. Isidore, “In Praise of Spain,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 1

      3. Hooper, “Introduction: The Rediscovery of Spain,” in The New Spaniards (ERES)

      4. Pliny the Elder, Natural History, Book 3, pp. 1-31 (ERES)

      5. What does Isidore praise in Spain? What is Spain’s image in the modern world?

    2. Wednesday 3 September: Punic Wars

      1. Polybius, The Rise of the Roman Empire, pp. 41-45, 111-12, 123-24, 147, 404-23 (ERES)

      2. Livy, The History of Rome from Its Foundation: Book XXVI, cc. xvii-xxi [LCL vol. VII, 65-85], Book XXIV.ix-xxi [LCL vol. IX, 441-71], XLII, xxx-xxxiv [LCL vol. 12, pp. 377-395]. (ERES)

      3. How does Livy’s account of the Punic Wars compare to Polybius’s? What does Livy tell the reader about the non-Roman inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula?

    3. Friday 5 September: Siege of Numantia

      1. Appian, Roman History, Book VI, “The Wars in Spain,” chapters 1-5, pp. 141-83 and 14-16, pp. 271-301 (ERES)

      2. G. L. Cheesman, “Numantia,” The Journal of Roman Studies 1 (1911), 180-186. (JSTOR)

      3. Compare the goals of Pliny, Polybius, and Appian.

  1. Hispania (134 BCE – c. 400 CE).

    1. Monday 8 September: Society in Roman Spain

      1. S. J. Keay, “Society in Roman Spain,” in Roman Spain (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1988), 72-94 (ERES)

    2. Wednesday 10 September:

      1. Leonard A. Curchin, “Production and Exchange,” in Roman Spain: Conquest and Assimilation (London and New York, 1991), 130-53 (ERES)

    3. Friday 12 September: The Transformation of the Roman World

      1. Prudentius, Peristephanon (Crowns of Martyrdom), tr. H. J. Thomson, LCL, nos. I, II, III, IV (ERES)

      2. What, according to Prudentius, are the most important features of the Christian religion?


  1. Visigoths (c. 400 CE – 711 CE)

    1. Monday 18 September: Religion and Politics in Visigothic Spain

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 13-25

      2. “A Catholic Bishop and an Arian King,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 2

      3. “The Visigothic Conversion to Catholicism,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 3

      4. What do these sources tell us about the relationship between political and spiritual authority?

    2. Wednesday 17 September: Law and Society

      1. “Visigothic Legislation Concerning the Jews,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 4

      2. What do laws tell us about past societies? What are the limitations of laws as historical sources?

    3. Friday 19 September:

      1. Santiago Castellanos, “The Significance of Social Unanimity in Visigothic Hagiography: Keys to an Ideological Screen,” Journal of Early Christian Studies 11 (2003): 387-419. (EJC)

      2. How would you connect what Santiago Castellanos says about hagiography to the sources we have read?


  1. Al-Andalus (711 CE – c. 1118 CE)

    1. Monday 22 September: The Formation of al-Andalus

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 25-43.

      2. “Two Accounts of the Muslim Conquest,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 6

      3. “A Muslim-Christian Treaty,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 7

      4. Are these two different accounts of the events of the eighth century compatible?

    2. Wednesday 24 September: The Caliphate of Córdoba

      1. “An Uprising Against the Amir al-Hakam,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 9

      2. “On the Campaigns and Diplomacy of ‘Abd al-Rahman III,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 13

      3. “On Forgetting a Beloved,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 15

      4. Janina Safran, “Identity and Differentiation in Ninth-century al-Andalus,” Speculum 76 (2001), 573-98. (JSTOR).

      5. What can historians gather about the past from poems and literary sources like Ibn Hazm’s Ring?

    3. Friday 26 September: The Taifa Kingdoms

      1. “The Political Dilemma of a Granadan Ruler,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 19

      2. “Market Regulations in Muslim Seville,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 32

      3. “Hispano-Arabic Poetry,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 33

      4. “Ibn Tumart and the Rise of the Almohads,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 34

      5. Cynthia Robinson, “Seeing Paradise: Metaphor and Vision in taifa Palace Architecture,” Gesta 36 (1997)145-155 (JSTOR)

      6. What do the market regulations in twelfth-century Seville tell us about life in al-Andalus in this period?


  1. Principalities of Northern Spain (c. 711 – c. 1085 CE)

    1. Monday 29 September

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 44-52

      2. “Christian Resistance in the North,” in Medieval Iberia. No. 8

      3. “The King of Asturias,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 12.

      4. Raguel, “Life of Pelagius,” in Medieval Hagiography (ERES)

      5. Kenneth Baxter Wolf, “Christian Views of Islam in Early Spain,” in Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam, ed. John Tolan (New York, 1996), 85-108. (ERES)

    2. Wednesday 1 October

      1. “Two Christian Urban Charters,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 22.

      2. Countess Ermessenda of Barcelona administers justice. (Handout)

    3. Friday 3, October September. **** No Class ****


  1. Reconquista and Convivencia (c. 1085 CE – c. 1292)

    1. Monday 6 October: Sefarad

      1. “A Jewish Vizier Describes the Battle of Alfuente,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 17

      2. “Three Views of Samuel and Joseph ibn Naghrela,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 18

      3. “Redeeming a Captive Jewish Woman,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 24.

      4. Barcelona Jewish Court Documents, http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1262cruxia.html

      5. What factors influence the experience of Jews in medieval Spain?

    2. Wednesday 8 October: Reconquista

      1. “The Siege of Lisbon,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 25

      2. “Grant to Christian Military Orders,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 29

      3. “Christian Conquest of Valencia,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 38

      4. “Christian Conquest of Seville,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 39

      5. Do these accounts give a coherent picture of the motivations of Christian soldiers?

    3. Friday 10 October. **** No Class, Reading Days ****


  1. The Later Middle Ages to 1492 (c. 1212 to 1492)

    1. Monday 13 October: Political Order in Christian Spain

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 53-88

      2. “The King and the Cortes,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 44

      3. “The Proper Qualities of a King,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 45

      4. “Memoirs of a Castilian Noblewoman,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 53

      5. Focus your attention on one of these sources. What can it tell us about the political order of later medieval Christian Spain? What are its limitations as a source?

    2. Wednesday 15 October: Conquest and Expulsion

      1. “The Christian Conquest of Granada,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 61

      2. “The Expulsion of the Jews,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 62.

      3. Henry Kamen, “The Mediterranean and the Expulsion of Spanish Jews in 1492,” Past & Present 119 (1988). (JSTOR)

    3. Friday 17 October: New Worlds (Discovery)

      1. “The Castilian New World,” in Medieval Iberia no. 64

      2. “The Portuguese New World,” in Medieval Iberia no. 65

      3. Columbus, “Letter on the New World,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 7

      4. “The Requirement,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 8

      5. What, if anything, do these sources tell us about the motivations of the early conquistadors?


  1. Global Empire ? Unified Belief? (c. 1520-1640)

    1. Monday 20 October: New Worlds (Controversy)

      1. Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The Conquest of Mexico, in Early Modern Spain, no. 9

      2. “Just War in the Indies,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 13

      3. Bartolomé de las Casas, “Thirty Propositions,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 14

      4. “Letter from Five Franciscans,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 15

      5. “Letter to King Charles,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 16

      6. What intellectual, legal, moral, and spiritual quandaries does the “discovery” of the New World create or bring to the surface?

    1. Wednesday 22 October: Orthodoxy

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 102-20

      2. “Heresy and Inquisition,” in Medieval Iberia, no. 59

      3. “The Inquisition,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 12

      4. Charles V, “Statement on Luther,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 11

      5. “Portrait of King Philip II,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 19

      6. “The Struggle Against Protestantism,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 21

      7. “Events in Antwerp,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 26

      8. “The Portuguese Succession,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 27

      9. Geoffrey Parker, “Some Recent Work on the Inquisition in Spain and Italy,” Journal of Modern History 54 (1982): 519-32 (JSTOR)

    2. Friday 24 October. Lepanto, the Armada, and the Expulsion of Moriscos

      1. “Exhortation for the Soldiers,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 29

      2. “On the Causes of the Armada’s Defeat,” no. 30

      3. “The Moriscos of Granada,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 33

      4. “Decree of Expulsion of the Moriscos,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 34

      5. “Archbishop of Seville on the Expulsion of the Moriscos,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 35


  1. El siglo de oro (c. 1550 – 1659)

    1. Monday 27 October: Cervantes

      1. Miguel de Cervantes, from Don Quixote of La Mancha (ERES)

      2. Miguel de Cervantes, Exemplary Tales, read “Prologue,” “Rinconete and Cortadillo,” “The Glass Graduate,” and “The Illustrious Kitchen Maid.”

      3. Identify passages in these stories that tell us something about the political, social, or economic world of early modern Spain. How would you describe Cervantes’ literary concerns?

    2. Wednesday 29 October: Revolt of the Catalans

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 120-133

      2. “Instructions of Government,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 36

      3. “Consell de Cent, Catalan Grievances,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 37

      4. “Philip IV, Decree Pardoning the Catalan Rebels,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 38

      5. “Treaty Between Spain and Portugal,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 43

    1. Friday 31 October: Paint and Image

      1. Pachecho, Art of Painting, in Early Modern Spain, no. 40

      2. “The Velázquez Investigation,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 42

      3. “Laws of Bourbon Spain,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 52

      4. Jonathan Brown, “Velázquez and the Evolution of High Baroque Painting in Madrid,” Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 42, Painting in Spain 1650-1700: A Symposium (1982): 4-11 (JSTOR)

      5. Cervantes or Velázquez?


  1. From the Treaty of the Pyrenees to the French Wars (1659-1814)

    1. Monday 3 November: Women in Early Modern Spain

      1. Luis de León, The Perfect Wife, in Early Modern Spain, no. 28

      2. Magdalena de San Jerónimo, “Vagabond Women,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 32

      3. Benito Feijóo, “In Defense of Women,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 49

      4. Josefa Amar, “In the Defense of the Talent of Women,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 54

      5. Has the position of women changed considerably since the Middle Ages? What role does social class play?

    2. Wednesday 5 November: Sick Man of Europe ?

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 134-71

      2. “Benito Feijóo, “Causes of Spain’s Backwardness,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 50

      3. “A New Economic Policy for America,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 51

      4. “On the Independence of the Colonies,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 53

      5. “On the Political Economy of Spain,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 57

      6. How do Spaniards imagine the relationship between Spain and its colonies?

    3. Friday 7 November: The French Wars

      1. Goya, The Disasters of War

      2. Charles IV, “Declaration of War on France,” in Early Modern Spain, no. 60

      3. “Report on the Madrid Revolt,” in Modern Spain, no. 1

      4. Napoleon Bonaparte, “Message to the Spaniards,” in Modern Spain, no. 2

      5. “Call to Arms,” in Modern Spain, no. 3

      6. How (if at all) can we use Goya’s drawings as a kind of historical evidence?


  1. The Nineteenth Century (1814 to 1898)

    1. Monday 10 November: Cortes of Cádiz

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 172-190

      2. “Decrees of the Cádiz Cortes,” in Modern Spain no. 4

      3. “The Congress of Venezuela, Declaration of Independence,” in Modern Spain, no. 6

      4. “The 1812 Constitution,” in Modern Spain, no. 7

      5. “Ferdinand VII. Declaration on the Constitution,” in Modern Spain, no. 8

      6. Eça de Queirós, The City and the Mountains, read to page 120.

      7. Can a novel tell us something about political history?

    2. Wednesday 12 November: Political Movements

      1. “The Carlist Movement,” in Modern Spain, no. 11

      2. “The Catalan Renaixença,” in Modern Spain, no. 12

      3. “On Religion and Liberty,” in Modern Spain, no. 14

      4. “Liberal Principles,” in Modern Spain, no. 15

      5. “El Estado Catalan, On Federalism,” in Modern Spain, no. 16

      6. How does the place of religion in Spain change? How do the Catalans define themselves?

    3. Friday 14 November: The Spanish American War and the Debacle of 1898

      1. Eça de Queirós, The City and the Mountains, finish.

      2. What connections do you see between Eça de Queiros’s novel and the other sources we have read? Compare this novel to Cervantes and to other literary sources we have read.


  1. The Spanish-American War, the Debacle of 1898 and the Civil War (1898-1937)

    1. Monday 17 November: The Generation of 1898

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 189-201

      2. Francisco Silvela, “Without a Pulse,” in Modern Spain, no. 26

      3. Pablo Iglesias, “Our Bourgeoisie,” in Modern Spain, no. 27

      4. “The Army and the Catalans,” in Modern Spain, no. 28

      5. José Ortega y Gasset, Invertebrate Spain, in Modern Spain, no. 35

      6. Miguel de Unamuno, “The Spirit of Castile,” and “Some Arbitrary Reflections on Europeanization,” in Essays and Soliloquies (ERES)

      7. Miguel de Unamuno makes broad observations about Spanish Identity and the place of Spain in Europe. How would you support or refute Unamuno’s conclusions from the primary sources we have read? Do Ortega y Gasset’s ideas about Spain resemble Unamuno’s?

    1. Wednesday 19 November: Civil War I

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 201-227

      2. José Antonio Primo de Rivera, “Ideas of the Falange,” in Modern Spain, no. 47

      3. Franco, “Manifesto of July 18, 1926,” in Modern Spain, no. 50

      4. “Decree Closing Religious Institutions,” in Modern Spain, no. 52

      5. “Germany and the Spanish Civil War,” in Modern Spain, no. 53

      6. “British Parliamentary Debates on Spain,” in Modern Spain, no. 54

      7. Frances Lannon, “Women and Images of Women in the Spanish Civil War,” TRHS 6th series 1 (1991), 213-28 (JSTOR).

      8. What are the chief values and objectives of the Falange and of Franco?

    2. Friday 21 November: Civil War II

      1. Orwell, Homage to Catalonia, chapter

      2. W. H. Auden, “Spain, 1937.” Find a copy of the poem wherever you can.

      3. Sean Grass, “W. H. Auden from Spain to ‘Oxford’,” South Atlantic Review 66 (2001), 84-101 (JSTOR)

      4. How do people outside of Spain define the conflict in Spain? Would people in Spain agree with their characterizations?


Thanksgiving Break November 21 – December 1 ***


  1. Franco and the Transition from Dictatorship to Democracy (1938-1988)

    1. Monday 1 December: Spain Under Franco

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 227-243

      2. Franco, “Letter to Hitler,” in Modern Spain, no. 57

      3. Franco, “Laureate Cross Acceptance Speech,” in Modern Spain, no. 58

      4. “Impressions of Franco’s Spain,” in Modern Spain, no. 60

      5. “The United States and Franco’s Spain,” in Modern Spain, no. 61

      6. Luis Buñuel, “On Viridiana,” in Modern Spain, no. 65

      7. Paloma Aguilar, “The Opposition to Franco, the Transition to Democracy and the New Political System,” in Spanish History since 1808, ed. José Alvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (London, 2000), 303-314.

    1. Wednesday 3 December: Transition

      1. Barton, History of Spain, 243-56

      2. Spanish Reflections on Franco, in Modern Spain, no. 72

      3. King Juan Carlos, Speech on the Coup d’État, in Modern Spain, no. 73

      4. Film and Q & A with Professor Anthony Geist (University of Washington), "Almas sin fronteras [Souls without Borders]" (2006). 7:00 Olin Auditorium

    1. Friday 5 December: La movida

      1. Women’s Liberation Front, Founding Manifesto, in Modern Spain, no. 70


  1. Spain Today (1989-2008)

    1. Monday 8 December

      1. Goytisolo, Count Julian

      2. Hooper, The New Spaniards, chapters 23, 25 (ERES)

      3. “Response to ETA,” in Modern Spain, no. 75

      4. “SOS Racismo,” in Modern Spain, no. 76.

    1. Wednesday 10 December

      1. Laura Huntoon, “Immigration to Spain: Implications for a Unified European Union Immigration Policy,” International Migration Review 32 (1998): 423-50. (JSTOR)

      2. Alain Moinnier and Godfrey Rogers, “The European Union at the Time of Englargement,” Population 59 (2004), 315-36.

      3. Other readings and discussion topics tba.

      4. What political, economic, social, and historical factors inflect the current position of Spain and Portugal in the European Union?

    2. Friday 12 December

      1. Readings and discussion topics tba




Semester Grades


There are 1000 possible points to be earned over the course of the semester. During the course of the semester, all assignments will be given numeric grades. In other words, the only letter grade you will receive in History 237 will be the final semester grade. The point values assigned to assignments should allow you to monitor your progress in the course. I will assign semester grades using the table below.


TOTAL POINTS

SEMESTER GRADE

TOTAL POINTS

SEMESTER GRADE

990-1000

A+

790-819

B-

930-989

A

770-819

C+

890-929

B+

720-769

C

870-889

B

690-719

C-

820-879

B

590-689

D



Below 690

F



10 CLARE HARU CROWSTON DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY 309 GREGORY
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11 CHIVALRY AND HISTORY IN THE MIDDLE AGES (UNDERGRADUATE


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