GEOGRAPHY
AND HISTORY
UNIT
7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN
UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN
OUTLINE
|
ASPECTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS |
VOCABULARY |
1 - INTRODUCTION LA RECONQUISTA (THE RECONQUEST) CHRONOLOGY
2 - 8th, 9th AND 10th CENTURIES
3 - 11th CENTURY.
4 - 12th CENTURY
5 - 13th CENTURY
6 - 14th AND 15th CENTURIES
ACTIVITIES
7 - VOCABULARY
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PRESENT SIMPLE IMPERATIVE LOS PASADOS TO BE THERE WAS THERE WERE. VERBOS REGULARES/ IRREGULARES EN PASADO AFIRMATIVA. CONTABLES/INCONTABLES SOME/ ANY
SENTENCE STRESS LAS CONSONANTES
|
TO ANNEX TO ASPIRE BACKWARD BELONGED TO BUT RATHER CARRY OUT FOUNDER TO FACE FOLLOWERS IN CONTRAST TO MANAGE TO SUBJUGATE RAID RECONQUEST TO REPLACE SUBSEQUENTLY TENT THE CROWN TROOPS TO WIN OUT WISE
|
1 – LA RECONQUISTA (THE RECONQUEST).
When Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula, they occupied almost all its territory (Al-Andalus), except some zones in the North. Those territories were the first nuclei to form, afterwards becoming the Christian kingdoms. Those kingdoms were developed throughout the Middle Ages. Al-Andalus kept its supremacy till the year 1.000 AC. Since then, the Christian kingdoms began to expand to southern territories dominated by muslims. That expansion is called <<La Reconquista>> (The Reconquest). <<La Recoquista>> was the long period of 800 years where the Christian kingdoms invaded and slowly recovered territories of Al-Andalus.
That process had advances and failures, but when de Caliphate of Cordoba fell there was a decisive advance, in which the Muslims lost a lot of zones and territoy and finally were limited to the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. <<La Reconquista>> ended with the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492.
2 –
8th,
9th
AND 10th
CENTURIES.
718 or
719
– Pelagius, a Visigoth noble, defeated to a Muslim army in
Covadonga (Asturias). This is the beginning of <<La
Reconquista>>.
740-754
–
The Christians, under the reign of the King Alfonso I of Asturias,
conquered Galicia and Leon.
791-842
–King
Alfonso II of Asturias conquered some fortresses and settled south
of the Duero.
800-801
– The Franks, under the reign of Charlemagne, conquered the
Pyrenees, created a zone known as <<Marca Hispanica>>,
and one year later conquered Barcelona.
905-926
–
Sancho I Garcés of Pamplona created the kingdom of Navarre.
950-951
–
Count Fernán González laid the foundations for the
future independence of Castile.
981 –King Ramiro III of Leon was defeated by the Vizier Almanzor and was forced to pay tribute to the Caliph of Cordoba.
3 –
11th
CENTURY.
1004-1035
– Sancho Garcés III of Navarre, called <<the
Great>>, managed to subjugate the counties of Sobrarbe and
Ribagorza in Aragon. He expected to dominate the territories of
Bermudo III of Leon and be declared Emperor. Before he died, he
divided his territories between his three sons:
- The
throne of Navarre and the Basque Country for García III.
- Castile
for Ferdinand I, on the death of count García Sánchez.
- Sobrarbe and Ribagorza for
Gonzalo I.
1065-1109
–
Alfonso VI, nicknamed <<the Brave>>, was King of Leon,
King of Castile and King of Galicia. He captured Toledo (1086), and
proclaimed himself <<Emperor of Spain>> (Imperator
Totius Hispaniae) and <<Emperor of the Two Religions>>.
The historic and legendary figure of <<El Cid>> lived
during his reign.
1086 –
The Christian advances forced to the Muslims kings of Granada,
Seville and Badajoz to ask the Almoravid Dynasty for
help.Subsequently
this dynasty established control in Al-Andalus.
4 –
12th
CENTURY.
1102
– The followers of <<El Cid>> left Valencia, and
the African Muslims (Almoravids) conquered the rest of Al-Andalus.
1135 –
Alfonso VII, King of Leon and Castile, restored the prestige of the
monarchy of Leon and was proclaimed Emperor of Spain (Imperator
Totius Hispaniae), but, in contrast to Alfonso VI, he didn´t
give himself this title, but rather it was given to him
legitimately.
1147 –
The Almohads, another African Dynasty, occupied Spain and replaced
to the Almoravids. After they established their Capital city in
Seville.
1157 –
The Almohads conquered Almeria.
1162
–King
Alfonso II of Aragon, son of the Count Ramon Bereguer IV of
Barcelona and Petronila of Aragon, unified in his person the kingdom
of Aragon and the county of Barcelona from 1162 until his death in
1196. He was also Count of Provence.
1195 –
The Castilians were defeated in the Battle of Alarcos by the
Almohads.
5 –
13th
CENTURY.
1212
–King Alfonso VIII of Castile, with the help of King Peter II
of Aragon, King Sancho VII of Navarre and some troops of Portugal,
won out in the decisive battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
1230 –
Alfonso IX, King of Leon and Galicia, advanced on the Guadiana river
(Extremadura) and captured Mérida and Badajoz, and as a
result he opened the way for the conquest of Seville.
1217-1252
–
Ferdinand III the Saint, King of Castile, Leon and Galicia, took
Cordoba (1236), Murcia (1243), Jaén (1246), and Seville
(1248). Granada was the last independent Muslim kingdom of the
Iberian Peninsula.
1213-1275
–
James I the Conqueror, King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona and Lord
of Montpellier, conquered the Balearic Islands (1229) and Valencia
(1238).
1252-1284
–
Alfonso X the Wise and the Astrologer, King of Castile, Leon and
Galicia, continued <<La Reconquista>>. He had to face
revolts of Mudéjars in Andalusia and Murcia. He aspired to be
chosen as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1257.
6 –
14th
AND
15th
CENTURIES.
1309 –
Ferdinand IV, King of Castile, Leon and Galicia, captured Gibraltar
from the Moors
with the help of the nobleman Alonso
Pérez de Guzmán
of Aragón.
Guzmán the Good was the founder of the line which the dukes
of Medina
Sidonia
belonged to. Ferdinand IV died suddenly in 1312 in his tent at Jaén
while preparing for a raid into the Moorish territory of Granada.
1333 –
The Nasrid King of Granada, Muhammed IV, recovered Algeciras and
Gibraltar and Algeciras. He was killed in this year, and couldn´t
enjoy his victory.
1482-1484
–
The Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King
Ferdinand II of Aragon (they married in 1469), had the firm
intention to finish cpnquering the last Muslim territories (Kingdom
of Granada) in the Iberian Peninsula once and for all. The Granada
war was a series of military campaigns over ten years and carried
out in several phases. This war finally ended when the city of
Granada was taken, on January 2 of 1492, and its last king, the Emir
Boabdil, surrendered and went into exile. The kingdom of Granada
was annexed to the Crown of Castile. The end of this war concluded
<<La Reconquista>>, eight centuries after Muslim invaded
the Iberian Peninsula.
Activities:
- Using the main dates of <<La Reconquista>>, create a time line.
- Using the maps from this unit, write the centuries in the blank boxes of the maps below; put a title in the yellow boxes; and place the meaning of each color in the map’s legend.
- Look for information about <<El Cid>> and write a brief composition about his life.
………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………....…………………………………………………………….................................
7 – VOCABULARY
English |
Pronunciation |
Spanish |
A |
||
Almost adv. |
/'ɔ:lməʊst/ |
Casi |
Also adv. |
/'ɔ:lsəʊ/ |
También, además |
to Annex verb. |
/ə'neks/ |
Anexionar |
to Aspire verb. |
/ə'spaɪə(r)/ |
Aspirar a algo |
Astrologer sust. |
/ə'strɑ:lədʒər/ |
Astrólogo-a |
B |
||
Backward adj. y adv. |
/'bækwərd / |
Retrocesos, hacia atrás |
to Be chosen verb. y verb (en participio) |
/bi:ˌ/ /'tʃəʊzən/ |
Ser elegido |
to Belong to verb. |
/bɪ'lɒɳ/ /tu:/ |
Pertenecer a |
Between prep. |
/bɪ'twi:n/ |
Entre |
But rather conj. y adv. |
/bʌt/ /'rɑ:ðə(r)/ |
Si no que |
C |
||
to Capture verb. |
/'kæptʃər/ |
Capturar, tomar |
to Carry out verb. (phrasal verb) |
/'kæri/ /aʊt/ |
Llevar a cabo, realizar, cumplir (un deber) |
to Conclude verb. |
/kən'klu:d/ |
Concluir, finalizar |
to Conquer verb. |
/'kɑ:ŋkər / |
Conquistar |
Count sust. |
/kaʊnt/ |
Conde |
County sust. |
/'kaʊnti/ |
Condado |
to Create verb. |
/kri'eɪt/ |
Crear |
D |
||
Decisive adj. |
/dɪ'saɪsɪv/ |
Decisivo |
to Defeat verb. |
/dɪ'fi:t/ |
Derrotar, vencer |
to Dominate verb. |
/'dɒmɪneɪt/ |
Dominar |
Dukes sust. |
/dju:ks/ |
Duques |
E |
||
to Establish verb. |
/ɪ'stæblɪʃ/ |
Establecer, fundar |
Exile sust. |
/'eksaɪl/ |
Exilio, destierro |
to Expect verb. |
/ɪk'spekt/ |
Esperar (algo) |
F |
||
to Face verb. |
/feɪs/ |
Enfrentarse a, encararse a |
Followers sust. |
/'fɑ:ləʊərs/ |
Seguidores-as |
to Force verb. |
/fɔ:rst/ |
Forzar, obligar |
to Form verb. |
/fɔ:rm / |
Formar |
Fortresses sust. |
/'fɔ:rtrɪsis/ |
Fortalezas |
Foundations sust. |
/faʊn'deɪʃəns/ |
Fundaciones |
Founder sust. |
/'faʊndər / |
Fundador-a |
I |
||
In contrast to adv. |
/ɪn/ /'kɒntrɑ:st/ |
A diferencia de, por el contrario, al contrario |
Independent adj. |
/'ɪndɪ'pendənt/ |
Independiente |
Intention sust. |
/ɪn'tentʃən / |
Intención, propósito |
K |
||
to Keep verb. |
/ki:p/ |
Mantener, guardar, conservar |
Kingdoms sust. |
/'kɪŋdəms/ |
Reinos |
L |
||
Later adv. |
/'leɪtər / |
Después, más tarde |
to Leave verb. |
/li:v/ |
Dejar, abandonar |
|
|
|
M |
||
to Manage to subjugate verb. y verb. |
/'mænɪdʒ/ /'sʌbdʒʊgeɪt/ |
Lograr someter |
to Marry verb. |
/'mæri/ |
Casarse, contraer matrimonio |
N |
||
to Nickname verb. |
/'nɪkneɪm/ |
Apodado |
Nuclei sust. |
/'nju:kli:/ |
Núcleos |
O |
||
to Occupy verb. |
/'ɒkjʊpaɪ/ |
Ocupar |
P |
||
Phases verb |
/feɪzis/ |
Fases |
Prestige sust. |
/pre'sti:ʒ/ |
Prestigio |
Process sust. |
/'prəʊses/ |
Proceso |
to Proclaim verb. |
/prə'kleɪm/ |
Proclamar, declarar |
R |
||
Raid sust. |
/reɪd/ |
Asalto, incursión |
Reconquest sust. |
/ˌri:'kɒŋkwest/ |
Reconquista |
to Recover verb. |
/'ri:'kʌvər / |
Recuperar, recobrar |
Reign sust. |
/reɪn/ |
Reinado |
to Replace verb. |
/rɪ'pleɪs/ |
Reemplazar, sustituir |
to Restore verb. |
/rɪ'stɔ:r / |
Restaurar, restablecer |
Revolt sust. |
/rɪ'vəʊlt/ |
Revuelta |
S |
||
to Settle down verb. |
/'setl/ /daʊn/ |
Establecerse, asentarse |
Slowly adv. |
/'sləʊli/ |
Lentamente, despacio |
Subsequently adv. |
/'sʌbsɪkwəntli/ |
Posteriormente |
Suddenly adv. |
/'sʌdn̩li/ |
Repentinamente, de repente, de pronto |
to Surrender verb. |
/sə'rendər/ |
Rendirse, entregarse, rendir, entregar |
T |
||
Tent |
/tent/ |
Tienda de campaña |
The Crown art. y sust. |
/ði/ /kraʊn/ |
La corona (de Castilla, de Aragón…), como reino |
Throne sust. |
/θrəʊn/ |
Trono |
Throughout prep. |
/θru:'aʊt/ |
Durante todo, toda |
Tribute sust. |
/'trɪbju:t/ |
Tributo |
Troops sust. |
/tru:ps/ |
Tropas |
U |
||
to Unify verb. |
/'ju:nɪfaɪ/ |
Unificar, unir |
V |
||
Victory sust. |
/'vɪktəri/ |
Victoria |
W |
||
Way sust. |
/weɪ/ |
Camino, modo, forma, manera |
to Win out verb. y adv. (phrasal verb) |
/wɪn/ /aʊt/ |
Salir triunfante, resultar victorioso, triunfar |
Wise adj. |
/waɪz/ |
Sabio |
Mapa 1: http://bachiller.sabuco.com/historia/images/De%20Asturias%20a%20Leon.jpg
El Cid: http://andrewpetcher.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/el-cid-1.jpg
Mapa S. XIII: http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/images/maps/spain14thc.jpg
Las navas de Tolosa: http://www.laguia2000.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/fotocantg2.jpg
I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
ANITA WALZ DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY MARSHALL UNIVERSITY ONE JOHN
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY WORLD MAP SUMMER ASSIGNMENT WELCOME TO
APHUG NAME HOMEWORK – POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY KEY ISSUE 1
Tags: christian kingdoms, the christian, kingdoms, christian, geography, history