IBERIAN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS DR AENGUS WARD AMMWARDBHAMACUK ASHLEY

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Iberian Languages and Linguistics





Iberian Languages and Linguistics



Dr. Aengus Ward

[email protected]

Ashley Building 115





Tuesday 2-4 Law LT2



Course Outline


Week Topic


1. Introduction to Linguistics/Principles of linguistics

 

2. Native speaker's competence

 

3. Language change over time: the Indo-European group/Romance languages

 

4. Language change over region: Dialectology

 

5. Language change in society: Sociolinguistics

 

6. Reading Week

 

7. Principles of language planning/Language planning in Spain

 

8. Catalan

 

9. Galician

 

10. Basque

 

11. Conclusion

 


Assessment of Linguistics: One 2 hour examination in May/June

Year 1 Linguistics: Reading List


April MacMahon, Understanding Language Change

Clare Mar Molinero, The Politics of Language in the Spanish-Speaking World

Clare Mar Molinero, The Spanish Speaking World

David Crystal (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language

David Crystal, Linguistics

David Crystal, What is Linguistics?

David Graddol et al., Describing Language

Edward Sapir, Language: an introduction to the study of speech

Ferdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics

Guillermo Rojo, El lenguaje, las lenguas y la lingüística

H G Widdowson, Linguistics

Ian Mackenzie, A linguistic Introduction to Spanish

Jean Aitcheson, The Seeds of Speech

Jesús Tusón, Linguística : una introducción al estudio del lenguaje

JMY Simpson, A First Course in Linguistics

John Lyons, Chomsky

Julia Kristeva, Language the Unknown

Leonard Bloomfield, Language

Maitena Extebarria, Bilingüísmo en el estado español

Maitena Extebarria, La diversidad de lenguas en España

Mark Abley, Spoken Here

Paul Lloyd, From Latin to Spanish

R.A. Hudson, Sociolinguistics

Rajend Mesthrie et al., Introducing Sociolinguistics

Ralph Penny, Variation and Change in Spanish

Ralph Penny, A History of the Spanish Language

Roger Lass, Historical linguistics and Language Change

Stephen Pinker, The Language Instinct

William J. Entwhistle, Las lenguas de España

Week 1


What is Linguistics? Introduction to course



Cognitive beings depend on language


Language structures society





Language recreates reality


Language represents that which has no reality


Language frames reality





Empirical Studies


Language Change


Theoretical linguistics


Debate: “What is language for? What do we know about language? How do we learn it?


Reading: David Crystal, Linguistics

David Crystal, What is Linguistics




Week 2


Native speaker’s competence


Abilities of speakers:


Grammaticality

Formulation of sentences

Number of sentences

Awareness of similarity and difference



Ferdinand de Saussure and the Linguistics sign


See http://faculty.smu.edu/nschwart/seminar/Saussure.htm



Lexis


Inherited

Borrowed

Phonetic

Translated

Semantic

Created



Spanish borrowed lexis


Catalan and Portuguese: buque, nao, muelle, rape, calamar, butifarra, almeja, mejillón, ostra

French: cartucho, coronel, bayoneta, jefe

Arabic: algebra, cero, almanaque, naranja, albaricoque, aceituna

Basque: urraca, zurdo, boina, García, Íñigo, Javier, Sancho



Debate: What does it mean to be a native speaker?

How do you identify other native speakers?

How do we agree that a word is appropriate?


Mesthrie et al. Introducing Sociolinguistics, Chapters 8 and 9.

Week 3



Language change over time


Indo-European and Romance Linguistics


Sir William Jones, Third Anniversary Discourse


The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists: there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothic and the Celtic, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanskrit; and the old Persian might be added to the same family, if this were the place for discussing any question concerning the antiquities of Persia.

http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/read01.html




  1. Anatolian

  2. Tokharian

  3. Indo-Iranian

  4. Greek

  5. Celtic

  6. Slavonic

  7. Baltic

  8. Albanian

  9. Germanic

  10. Italic



Sound changes



Assimilation


Dissimilation


Apocope


Syncope


Epenthesis


Metathesis



SEPTIMANA semana

VINDICARE vengar

HOSPITALE hospital/hostal

ANIMA alma

SANGUINE sangre

CATENATU candado

CUMULU colmo

HUMERU hombro

FEMINA hembra


FILIU hijo

FORNU horno

FARINA harina

FONTE fuente

FORTE fuerte

FRONTE frente





Ralph Penny, Variation and Change in Spanish

Ralph Penny, A History of the Spanish Language

Roger Lass, Historical linguistics and Language Change



Week 4


Definitions of dialect and language?






Standard language

Dialect

Accent

Patois

Vernacular

Koiné



Pidgin languages

Creoles



Non-standard ≠ Substandard




Ralph Penny, Variation and Change in Spanish

Mesthrie et al. Introducing Sociolinguistics, Chapters 2



Week 5


Sociolinguistics



What is a language community?


Appropriateness in language



Principles of sociolinguistics


  1. Style-shifting

  2. Attention

  3. Vernacular principle

  4. Formality




Mesthrie et al. Introducing Sociolinguistics, Chapters 1 and 3

Trudgill, Sociolinguistics


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