BPK SAMARINDA WANARISET SANGAI SUBMISSION FOR 5 YEAR RESEARCH

BPK SAMARINDA WANARISET SANGAI SUBMISSION FOR 5 YEAR RESEARCH
DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA SAMARINDA BAB II PERENCANAAN KINERJA A
DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA SAMARINDA BAB III AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA AKUNTABILITAS

DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA SAMARINDA BAB IV PENUTUP LAPORAN AKUNTABILITAS
RENSTRA DISPORA KOTA SAMARINDA 2016 2021 BAB II


BPK Samarinda, Wanariset Sangai
Submission for 5 Year Research Masterplan

Introduction

Wanariset Sangai is a new Forest Research Centre established by The Forest Research Institute, (BPK) Samarinda with assistance from the British Overseas Development Administration (ODA) and the HPH PHT Kayu Mas under the bilateral Indonesian - United Kingdom Tropical Forest Management Project (ITFMP). Wanariset Sangai is located within the forest concessions operated by PHT Kayu Mas in Central Kalimantan. There is an administrative base at Camp Manyak (Camp 48) consisting of an office, laboratory, guest house and staff accommodation. The forest research camp (Forest Pondok) at km 92 is the base for most research activities at Wanariset Sangai. The facilities at this location include living and working accommodation for researchers and project staff in the centre of a 600 ha forest research reserve. The research forest is located within the KTR concession of PHT Kayu Mas in an area of production forest representative of the permanent production forest in Central Kalimantan.

A network of fifteen permanent sample plots (PSP) each of 9 ha has been established within the research forest linked by a network of roads and walking tracks. The central hectare of each PSP has been surveyed and a full forest inventory completed for all trees with DBH greater than 10 cm. This has included a full botanical identification of specimens from the plot. Part of the research forest (6 plots) will be logged commencing in December 1996 to enable studies describing the regrowth of the forest following logging. The current phase of the ODA project will be completed in June 1997. During the last year of the project, there will be increased emphasis on the establishment of forest research management systems to make full use of the infrastructure at Wanariset Sangai. This document aims to assist the Forest Research Steering Committee (FRSC) for Central Kalimantan to develop a five year research masterplan for Wanariset Sangai.

The sixth five year plan of the Government of Indonesia (REPELITA VI, 1994-1999) stresses the broad policy objective to improve forest management and to implement sustainable forestry development. An important target of this programme is to improve the capacity and efficiency of forest management through the application of forest science and technology. Production forest management can only become genuinely sustainable when the long-term impacts of present day silvicultural interventions can be confidently predicted, based on scientific observation. One of the key programmes, defined in REPELITA VI for achieving these policy objectives is to organise permanent forest areas into KPHPs. These units are defined as “the smallest unit of production forest that can be managed based on ecological and management principles in order that forest management activities can be carried out on a sustainable basis.” Sustainable management of the KPHPs will be critically dependant on knowledge on how forests recover and grow following logging, since future harvests will increasingly come from second (and subsequent) felling cycles.

Wanariset Sangai was established by BPK Samarinda to support its responsibility to conduct forestry research throughout the four Provinces of Kalimantan. The research programme at Wanariset Sangai has been designed to meet this requirement by providing information required to support the development of KPHP.

Research Activities at Wanariset Sangai

There are three main areas of research in progress at Wanariset Sangai as detailed below..

Growth and yield studies.

BPK has established fifteen permanent sample plots in the forest research reserve at Wanariset Sangai. Six of these plots will be logged according to diameter limit treatments commencing in December 1996. The plots will be logged using low-impact logging techniques following a full field survey using the new Forest Inventory and End-use Planning and Linking Programme (FIEPLP) by BPK and Kayu Mas staff. Growth and Yield data from the permanent sample plots will be used to calibrate computer models for growth and yield prediction being developed by BPK with support from ODA technical staff. These data will be augmented with data collated by the clearing house for growth and yield data in Kalimantan established by BPK in Samarinda. The clearing house will act as a focus to collate information from existing and newly established sample plots.

The computer simulation model (SYMFOR) simulates forest stand development after logging and can be used to predict future yield for various forest management options. Development of the model has progressed to the point where the modelling framework is ready for testing. At present it operates using a artificial dataset, but it will soon be calibrated using data from the ITCI and STREK projects. Data from the permanent sample plots at Wanariset Sangai will be used to stimulate further development and refinement of the simulation model.

Botanical Studies.

Progress with the sustainable management of Indonesia’s forests and the scientific research required to support it, is impeded by the exceptional biodiversity of these forests and very poor local knowledge of the tree species. This results in harvesting of only a proportion of species with commercial potential, the felling of non marketable trees and increased damage to residual trees. Poor identification can lead to inappropriate silvicultural interventions such as enrichment planting with unsuitable species and species misidentification in forest inventories. All of these factors lead to unreliable forest management and led BPK to emphasise the importance of botanical studies at Wanariset Sangai

BPK staff have completed a comprehensive botanical collection of the forest at Wanariset Sangai and other areas in Central Kalimantan. These collections are being identified by BPK and ODA staff and are being used to prepare an illustrated tree identification manual for central Kalimantan. The inventory of trees in the permanent sample plots has been completed with botanical species collected for nearly all trees. Most of these specimens have been identified to species level. A very significant botanical resource has been established at Wanariset Sangai that is now starting to be exploited for research activities. This resource will also be used for training in botanical identification.

Impacts of logging.

The processes of logging and timber removal in tropical forest will lead to disturbance of the forest’s flora and fauna, disrupting ecosystem structure, nutrient cycles and forest hydrology. Such changes can influence tree mortality, the rate of forest regeneration and forest regrowth. As a consequence, the conservation of biological processes and biological diversity are now recognised as an important function of sustainable forest management. In order to improve the current silvicultural systems, studies have commenced at Wanariset Sangai to assess how different logging regimes affect forest composition and condition following logging. These studies have been designed to assess the impact of disturbance on biological processes and to determine the impact on forest regeneration and regrowth. They emphasise the importance of regeneration in determining long-term sustainability of forest ecosystems. Specific studies have included the impacts of logging on mycorrhizal availability, viability and biodiversity, wildling growth and survival and the biodiversity of amphibians. Baseline data describing the microclimate of the site have been collected and used in a study of the role of canopy disturbance in forest hydrology. The studies of logging impact have used areas of recently logged forest adjacent to the research forest reserve.

Baseline pre-logging studies have been completed of forest structure and composition in the permanent sample plots. These have been combined with descriptions of the distribution of seedlings, saplings and poles and mycorrhizae as part of the pre-logging studies. Most of this work will continue with a new phase of research following logging of the plots in 1996 to describe the immediate effects of logging and to monitor the recovery of the forest following logging.

Research Opportunities at Wanariset Sangai.


Growth and yield studies.

There is a requirement to continue monitoring the growth and yield of the six permanent logged sample plots in the research forest. This work would be greatly strengthened if additional PSP’s were to be established elsewhere in the research forest, in existing areas of logged over forest and in areas still to be logged. The most efficient way to achieve this would be in collaboration with professional foresters from PHT Kayu Mas. These data would then be collated by BPK’s growth and yield clearing house and made available for further investigations or modelling of forest growth and yield.

Landscape Ecology, Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management within KPHP.

The mosaic of land-use within the proposed KPHP of PHT Kayu Mas make the site ideally suited to studies investigating sustainable forest management at the scale of the Landscape. These studies could investigate the effects of forest management practice across the landscape making use of the gradient of land-use intensity and disturbance grading from the south to the north. Analysis of topographic and environmental information will aid experimental design and data analysis. Information from these studies would be integrated within a geographic information system to be used for research and operational forest management. This is an area of significant interest being promoted actively by CIFOR, who are co-ordinating with the Edinburgh Centre for Tropical Forests to produce an outline proposal to seek funding for this initiative.

Genetics and Biodiversity.

There is considerable interest in studies of the genetics and biodiversity of forest flora and fauna following logging. The botanical resource established in the fifteen permanent sample plots at Wanariset Sangai could be further exploited in such studies. There is already one project jointly run by CIFOR and BPK investigating the effects of logging on the genetic basis of population change in selected dipterocarp species. This type of work could be further extended, as could the work on animal biodiversity using indicator species such as amphibians. Research on forest genetics and biodiversity could be developed to provide criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management at the scale of the landscape or KPHP unit.

Impact of forest management on the environment and forest regrowth.

The existing studies on the impacts of logging on forest structure and function should continue so that the long-term recovery of the forest can be assessed. The permanent sample plots in the research forest will not be suitable for new studies, but these could be conducted in other areas of forest in the concession. The areas of logged over forest represent a valuable resource for studies of long-term effects using a sequence of plots of known age following logging (chronosequence). These activities would be greatly aided by the production of detailed maps of the logged areas adjacent to the forest research reserve.

Rehabilitation Forestry.

The proportion of land under primary forest cover available for logging is steadily decreasing in Kalimantan. As a result much of the future production from KPHP will move on to areas of logged over forest representing the second and subsequent logging cycles. There are now large extents of partially degraded areas of logged over forest in which future productivity is likely to be limited. There is considerable interest in Indonesia and elsewhere in Southeast Asia in research to develop systems to rehabilitate degraded lands. These are areas that have been given priority by organisations such as CIFOR and the Royal Society of London. Wanariset Sangai has a valuable combination of primary forest and adjacent logged over forest that make it well suited for this work.

Mission Statement

Wanariset Sangai is established as part of the Forest Research Institute (BPK) of Samarinda to conduct scientific and social research in the areas of land-use issues, forest ecology and resource management supporting national priorities to promote the sustainable management of natural forests in Kalimantan.


Activities

Activity

Detail

Agency (Proposed)

Status

Maintenance of infrastructure.

Buildings, Roading, tracks marking of plots.

This activity could be undertaken by PHT Kayu Mas

Existing

1. Growth and Yield studies




1.1 Re-mensuration of ODA Permenant sample plots

Trees to be measured initially at yearly then five yearly intervals. Ingrowth and mortality established.

PHT Kayu Mas with BPK Staff

Existing

1.2 Measurement of tree growth bands

Three monthly intervals to provide data for growth and yeild modelling

PHT Kayu Mas with BPK staff

Existing

1.3 Establishment of new PSP plots in proposed KPHP area

Plots should be stratified by landscape and forest type.

PHT Kayu Mas

Proposed

1.4 Processing of growth and yield data for integration into BPK clearing house for growth and yield data

Data entry and checking

BPK staff

New

2. KPHP and Landscape Ecology




2.1 Mapping of research forest

Air photos and topographic information used to derive digital elevation model and environmental indices for research forest. Data to be integrated within a GIS for the area

ODA, CIFOR, Australian National University

New

2.2 Mapping of proposed KPHP

Extension of 2.1 for entire KPHP area

PHT Kayu Mas with support from CIFOR and ANU

Proposed

2.3 Development of Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management within the KPHP system

Application of the GIS systsem and georeferenced database to develop criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management

CIFOR, ECTF

Outline proposal


3. Forest genetics and biodiversity




3.1 Impact of logging on genetics of Shorea species

Studies based in research forest and in other logged areas in KTR concession

CIFOR/BPK

Existing

3.2 Studies of genetic diversity as indicators of sustainable forest management

Studies will commence in 1997 based mainly in the research forest

CIFOR/BPK/
ODA (holdback)

New

3.3 Biodiversity as an indicator of sustainable forest management within the proposed KPHP

Extension of 3.2 to cover the proposed KPHP. This will require the completion of activity 2.2

CIFOR, ECTF

Outline Proposal

4. Impacts of forest management on the environment and forest regrowth




4.1 Baseline environmental data

Collection of data from meteorological stations. Maintenance of equipment

BPK

Existing

4.2 Monitoring environmental conditions and recovery following logging

Mapping of plots and hemispherical photography

BPK, University of Edinburgh

Existing

4.3 Hydrology of watersheds

Proposed PhD project

ODA, BPK, University of Edinburgh

Proposed

5. Rehabilitation forestry




5.1 No planned activity




Opportunities for funding research at Wanariset Sangai.

It is unlikely that BPK will be able to obtain direct government funding to maintain the current level of research activities at Wanariset Sangai. For this reason a business plan will be developed for Wanariset Sangai identifying the costs of running the facilities and identifying potential sources of funding for the continued development and operation of the research station.

Two main potential sources of external funding have been identified.










Tags: research masterplan, with research, samarinda, sangai, research, wanariset, submission