SEDIMENTARY ROCK (PGS 40 43) HOW DOES

A LARGE SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS AT THE MOUTH OF SABRINA
CHAPTER 5—THE SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES CHAPTER OVERVIEW THE TITLE
CHAPTER 6—SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS NAME DATE P 121

CLASSWORK NAME BLOCK SEDIMENTARY ROCK LAB
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CLAST SIZE SEDIMENT ROCK NAME COMMENTS
CORNELL NOTES SEDIMENTARY ROCK P102105 SEDIMENTARY ROCK STRATA 3

Name:________________________

Sedimentary Rock (pgs 40 - 43)

How does sandstone form? Rock is broken into pieces by weathering which creates the sand. Sand grains are compressed or compacted and cemented together to form sandstone.

Origins

List the causes of weathering that change rock into fragments.
1. Wind
2. Water
3. Ice
4. Sunlight
5. Gravity
Erosion moves rock and mineral fragments from one place to another.
Sediment is deposited in layers.
Older layers are compacted.
Dissolved minerals in water act as a cement to bind rocks and minerals together.

Where do sedimentary rocks form?
On or near Earth’s surface.
Most form without heat and pressure, needed to form igneous and metamorphic rock.

What is the most noticeable feature of sedimentary rock?

Layers or strata.

Composition and Classification:

Clastic – forms when rock or mineral fragments are cemented together.
- Figure 2 page 41

Mineral Cement = Calcite and Quartz.

Classified by size of fragments.

Chemical – forms when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as seawater.

Rainwater dissolves rock material as it passes through the water.
Some dissolved material eventually crystallizes. An example: Halite (NaCl).

Organic – form from remains of once living plants and animals.

Figure 4 (page 42)

Limestone formed from the shells (that contain calcium carbonate) of marine organisms.

Coal forms underground from decomposed plant material buried beneath sediment, changed over millions of years by heat and pressure.

Stratification: Process in which sedimentary rock is arranged in layers.

Metamorphic Rock (pgs 44 - 49)

Metamorphic means changed.

What changes when metamorphic rock forms?

Structure
Texture
Composition

Origins:

What conditions are needed for a rock to undergo metamorphism? Temperature and pressure are different from where the rock originally formed.

It is the depth and pressure at which metamorphic rocks form that allows rock to heat to a very high temperature.
Large movements within Earth’s crust cause additional pressure to be exerted on the rock.

Contact Metamorphic Rock
- Rock undergoes metamorphism by being heated by nearby magma.
- The greatest change takes place where magma comes in direct contact with the rock.
- Occurs near igneous rock formations.

Regional Metamorphic Rock

Formed when pressure builds up deep below other rock formations.
Or when large pieces of Earth’s crust collide; Convergent boundary.

Composition:

When temperature and pressure change, the original minerals change into new minerals.
Figure 3 (page 46)

Calcite + Quartz + Hemalite + Heat = Garnet

and

pressure

Figure 4 (page 46)

Scientists can understand a metamorphic rocks history by observing its mineral content.

Example: Metamorphic rock that contains garnet formed at a greater depth and under greater heat and pressure than a rock that contains only chlorite.

Texture:

Foliated – mineral grains are arranged in bands.
- Figure 5 – The effects of metamorphism depend on the heat and pressure applied to the rock.
- Sedimentary shale can become the following as more heat and pressure are applied.
  1. Slate
  2. Phyllite
  3. Schist
  4. Gneiss
Nonfoliated – mineral grains are not arranged in bands.

Commonly made of one or a only a few minerals.
Figure 6 - Sedimentary rocks that recrystallize.

Quartz sandstone reforms into quartzite, where the mineral grains have grown larger.

When limestone undergoes metamorphism, mineral crystals become larger and form marble.

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