SUMMARY OF PROJECTS ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF RANGELANDS IN

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Краткая информация о проектах по решению проблем пастбищ в Казахстане

Summary of projects addressing the problem of rangelands in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is the top fifth country in the world in terms of the grazing area. Economic activities of 40% population are related to cattle farming, so their livelihoods are in direct dependence on the conditions of rangelands.

In addition, covering 67% the area, the rangelands determine the environmental situation of the entire country and serve a barrier to the dust storms thus ensuring the carbon absorption etc.

For the time being, the rangelands conditions require additional attention of the national government and economic entities that use this natural fodder resource. Unregulated utilization has resulted in the degradation of 26.5 million ha of pastures. The main cause is that the transition to market economy, privatization of large-scale farms resulted in the transfer of public stock to the private ownership. So, the remote rangelands used for cattle breeding have become desolate and the total burden has been placed on the pastures around the populated areas and the nearest water sources.

Due to the rapid transition to the market relations and the radical changes in the legislation, the basic civil rights and freedoms of normal living conditions have been affected in the sphere of social relations.

In recent years a number of projects implemented in Kazakhstan have been focused on the goals addressing the improvement and rational utilization of rangelands and reduction of load on Pre-Aral pastures under the conditions of new economic relations. Seeing the traditional knowledge of operating the rangelands, the best method ensuring the rational use of pastures would be the introduction of mobile cattle grazing. Below we describe the projects that have been implemented in the recent years by Farmer of Kazakhstan Public Foundation to demonstrate the approaches that enable the rural population of the southern areas to exercise the right to the rational utilization of pastures.

The goal of Zhanartu demonstrational project initiated by Farmer of Kazakhstan PF and implemented by the local community of Zhangeldy Village under SGP/GEF financial support was to restore the biological diversity of the shrub and herb ecosystem in degraded areas around the village. The project enabled to stop the degradation process by the following two groups of the project activities: The first one was focused on the water supply (restoration of water wells) to remote (40-50km) pastures and grazing of non-milk cattle in spring, summer and autumn. The second group of activities was focused on the development of lucerne plantations and production of winter forage to stop the animal grazing around the village in winter. As a result, the reduction of graze burden on the lands adjacent to the village within 3 years enabled to restore the pastures and haloxylon woods. The project is ongoing on a self-financing basis.

In 2000 the project “Dissemination of the new methods and gaining the experience to develop the model of sustainable utilization of degraded lands” has been implemented under the support of Miliokontakt Oost-Europe. The project included 8 workshops in a number of districts of Almaty Oblast and collected the information regarding the methods of pasture utilization. The project has made a valuable contribution to raising the level of public awareness of the processes and causes of land degradation, the goals and objectives as set by UN Convention to Combat Desertification, of the correct methods of utilizing the pasture resources. The project has prepared the recommendations to a large number of farms to develop the artificial mown rangelands in order to raise the fodder base and reduce the load on the pastures around the villages.

In 2002 Miliokontakt Oost-Europe has provided the assistance to the project to seek the implementing farmers, local and national donors for the replication of methods and outcomes gained from Zhanartu project accomplished in the south of Kazakhstan. Many farms have learned the methods tested by the project.

The project “Degradation and rehabilitation of pastures in Central Asia by example of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan” (2000-2003) has been implemented in cooperation with International Land Use Institute (UK) and Kazakhstan Scientific Research Institute of Fodder Production and Pastures. The project goal was to identify the conditions of pastures affected by the methods of utilization and the impact of pasture conditions on the stock-raising output and well being of the stockowners. In Kazakhstan the project activities lasted 3 years (Zhambyl and Almaty oblasts). The project enabled to determine the relations between the yield of biomass, its forage properties and increase of live weight, quality of meat, and shearings of grazed animals.

The project “Rehabilitation of soils and vegetation for the sustainable cattle farming development and veterinary” (2005) was funded within PAMS during 1 year. The project assisted to restore the wells, purchased the yurt, pumps and generator thus demonstrating the local community that with a certain technical equipment they can graze cattle on remote rehabilitated pastures. The project enabled to provide the valuable grazing forage and improve the commercial properties of the livestock products. The structure of light gray soil was restored, the content of pulverescent particles was reduced from 83% to 56%.

The short-term UNDP projects and the umbrella GEF/SGP project commenced in 2006 aim at the restoration of the environmental capacity of degraded pastured by ensuring the optimal grazing loads (transhumance) and supplying good quality winter forage. The cattle breeding farms were selected in various natural and climate zones and provinces of Kazakhstan, Almaty Oblast (desert, semi-desert, dry-steppe zones), Akmola Oblast (dry-steppe zone), Semipalatinsk Oblast (semi-desert), Kyzylorda Oblast (desert). Using various approaches tailored to specific conditions, grazing practices within the pastures around villages and the cattle stock, the conditions are created for remote and newly developed pastures to enable the normal living of people and ensure the watering resources to the livestock.

Therefore, all the accomplished and ongoing projects show that in Kazakhstan with its great variety of pastures (over 1000) as opposed to other regions, the rational use of pastures may be ensured only by the seasonal cattle migration. The reason is that the vegetation of various types of pastures ripen at different seasons.

The factors to cease degradation, restore and maintain the productive period of pastures are the provision of access to remote grazing lands, watering and conditions enabling the stock-keepers to maintain cattle on such lands for a long period of time. All those factors assume the restoration of traditional knowledge of mobile cattle farming in Kazakhstan.


Contact information:

SGP GEF Kazakhstan

Mr. Stanislav Kim, National Coordinator

+7-327-2582643

+7-777-3701645

[email protected]


Farmer of Kazakhstan Foundation NGO

Mr. Vladimir Levin, Director

+7-327-2997472

+7-777-2256230

[email protected]




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