MAIN ENTITIES AND INSTITUTIONS SINCE THE CHANGE OF THE

12 ANGRY MEN ASSIGNMENT IDENTITIES OF THE CHARACTERS IN
AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT TO IDENTIFY IDENTITIES OF
AMLCFT_SectorEntities_3April2013

ANNEX 1 – ENTITIES AT CENTRAL LEVEL ANNEX 1
ANNEXURE E ACCOUNTING TRANSACTIONS FOR IRREGULAR EXPENDITURE TRADING ENTITIES
AUTHOR RELATIONSHIPS WITH INDUSTRY AND OTHER ENTITIES (COMPREHENSIVE)—2015 ACCAHAHRS

Main entities and institutions

Main entities and institutions


Since the change of the system there have been more transformations regarding the institutions and entities carrying out policies on the access to culture of the Hungarian young people, each cycle brought with itself new solutions. For example, between 1999 and 2002, these policies were achieved by the Ministry of Youth and Sport, between 2002 and 2004 by the Ministry of Children, Youth, Sport, between 2004 and 2006 by the Ministry of Youth, Family, Social and Equal Opportunities and starting with 2006 it is the responsibility of the Social and Labour Ministry. It was not a great support that in 2004 they set the basis of the Youth, Family, Social and Equal Opportunities Ministry; it decreased the potential of the state interest, despite the fact that there were a responsible for youth issues, a youth minister, a political secretary, a youth main department. Currently, on the ministry level, within the Social and Labour Ministry, there is the Equal Opportunities State Secretary, the Children and Youth Department, a unit dealing with the formation of youth policy. The Youth Parliament is the only Hungarian youth organisation, which is parliamentary both in its name and activity. It was founded in 1996 in the area of Ozd-Kazincbarcika, but it renewed in 2004. It coordinates the youth life in Hegyhat area and supports the work of youth volunteer groups. This parliament supports the interests of young people in a European way, keeps dialogues with local and international partners, protect the European diversity in order to get well-trained, creative, open and active young people.

The Ministry of Education and Culture also monitors the Hungarian education, art, media and audio-visual output, it promotes the artistic and cultural production, uses public administration to support the institutions and organisers of cultural events, coordinates the young professionals towards cultural and tourist projects, assists and subsidies the cultural and educational work of Hungarian youth across the border and minorities of the country, the provision of equal opportunities for disadvantaged children and young people. It also deals with scholarships in education and culture. It is responsible for the acknowledgement of certificates, diplomas and scientific degrees. On the international level, the Minister cooperates with other ministers too for the conclusion of educational, cultural and research agreements with other countries. The Hungarian Institute for Culture and Art is the supervisory body of the Ministry, connected to local cultural institutes around the country, providing advice and service, general regional duties, documentation, the cultural life of national minorities and talent search events. It operates a national informative system making up a relevant database. The Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe since 1997 promotes the development of youth research as well as the National Institute for Youth Research. The international evaluation of the national youth policy has been done by the European Directorate of Youth and Sport since 1997. The European Youth Centre Budapest is a part of the Directorate being relevant for its international trainings and professional counseling for the local councils and civil youth programs. In this respect, there’s also the regional youth service offices’ network RIT, founded by the state.

On the national level, a key actor is Mobilitás, coordinated by the Social and Labour Ministry, the governmental operative element of national youth policy, the background institution of the Youth Ministry, dealing with the vertical national youth policy development and implementation. It represents a budget-based service and research center institution in the field of youth work. Its main service is to manage the necessary funds to support national and international youth programs. It also pays attention to regional, national and international youth-related tender systems, information service and tender counseling in 9 towns in the 7 regions of Hungary, it coordinates EURODESK, the European youth information network, it organises trainings for youth leaders, application forms, partner group search for exchange programs, youth research, support for youth work of local municipalities, library in the domain of youth sociology, programs for social cohesion, the Youth in Action Program offices. Its projects are accomplished with the support of the European Union. Its key concepts are: guidance of youth, knowledge-based society, education towards interculturality and complexity, project writing, youth active participation, Roma youth, communication, information and technology. Regarding the issue of minorities, there is the Hungarian Minorities Youth Forum.

On the regional level, we mention the collaboration with the Regional Youth Councils, the Regional Youth Service Offices (RISZI), involved in the support, orientation, counseling, organisation of youth and distribution of the National Children and Youth Fund. Local youth services, meaning information offices or community centers, approach leisure time activities, traditional programs or counseling. The first youth information and counseling center was founded following the French youth example, in 1984. Before the 90s they founded 18 offices and formed HAYICO (The Hungarian Association of Youth Info and Counseling Office), which joined the European youth info and counseling ERYICA. It dealt with training and education of youth, cultural programmes, infrastructure and mobility, non-governmental organisations and civil society, the relationship between EU and Hungary; HAYICO also signed the European Youth Info Chart. In Budapest there is IRANYTU, a youth info center, responsible for the culture of youth. Other examples of youth information and counseling offices: Bokay Kert, Budapest-Kispest, Cseresznye, Szolnok, Gyor, Compass Budapest, Veszprem, Debrecen, Nyiregyhaza, Paks, Szekszard, Szeged, Szombathely, Tatabanya etc.

The preservation of traditional culture, folk dance and music, represents a main preoccupation of the non-governmental institutions, although youth community centers provide youth culture opportunities. Local council systems and the development of the civil society are important for the development of the youth system. Moreover, the formation of the small settlements’ youth referents network was not very successful. On the local level, there are the community houses, the cultural centres and the tele-houses. Cultural centres focus on programs in the open, free time activities on the local, regional, national, international level. Their profile is defined the best non-formally and informally. One of the main issues of cultural modernisation is the development of cultural access outside Budapest. Közkincs programme, for example, aims to develop the youth culture of the country-side; it is the programme of the Education and Culture Ministry promoting a new model for financing. In this respect, good examples are Tengertánc (traditional culture and art, preservation of folklore, handicraft, folklore workshops, etc), and PANKKK (the promotion of amateur music, traditional music and jazz of the country-side young class). The Music Export Office of the PANKKK promotes the talented music productions abroad to develop partnerships between national professional institutions, civil organisations and the protection of rights. The programme should reduce inequalities, and promote opportunities to include culture as the main player of local and regional development. Forms of support: normative, possibilities to submit applications, EU resources, local councils, NKA. The cultural infrastructure aims at modernising by means of cultural centres and build multifunctional community centres in the frame of the programme called AGORA. This programme approaches trainings, exhibitions, conferences, book presentations, regional cultural tourism, informatics and statistics database, international cultural connections. Pecs, a city in the south-west of Hungary, will be one of the European Capitals of Culture in 2010 alongside Essen and Istanbul, a good occasion to devise programmes for the Year of Intercultural Dialogue.

There are some towns, which founded the area of youth referents who deal with the youth tasks together with the non-government organisations and the representatives of Mobilitas. Currently, the largest umbrella structure is represented by the Children and Youth Conference. However, the local and national experience proves the absence of a basic training, even the coordinators do not have the appropriate education in this.

Together in Europe – together in Hungary is a program meant to promote the culture of Hungarian youth living abroad. Other relevant youth programs: Creative Youth, KUL-TURA.

The state program “Program for the Youth” emphasises that the state considers the youth a high priority, focusing on their complex integration in society; given this perspective, it creates the National Youth Strategy and the National Youth Program whose aims are the consolidation of the process of learning, cultural education, work and family. Youth 2000, 2004 and Mosaic 2001 research express a consistent aspect of the Hungarian youth concept portraying the National Youth Strategy. The state’s objectives concerning youth are the following ones: the development of the free time activities’ infrastructure, the support of local and national youth activities, the development of democratic citizenship attitude and voluntary actions in Hungary and internationally. The Association of Youth Experts represents a youth initiatives network funded in 2007 to facilitate the cooperation between those experts who consider youth affairs as profession. According to national reports Hungary is the 15th country whose youth policy was audited by international experts called by the Council of Europe.

Since 1990 the Hungarian youth policy focuses on two areas: the legal laws of youth and decentralisation. Many tasks and responsibilities were directed from the national to the local level. Because of the still unclear situation, the EU, due to the Youth in Action programme, the White Book, and the Council of Europe, could bring some stability. The priorities shown in the EU White Book are: information service to be provided to youth, volunteering as a special activity form, youth research, different studies. Orientation, participation and active citizenship are important themes in youth policy. Hungarian youth must be included in mobility, to be more open in the European cultural experience.

The Youth in Action programme aims to prepare the youth for an active, solidary and tolerant life, for the dialogue between cultures.

The YOUTH European Programme made it possible for the non-governmental organisations and youth to travel abroad, build up connections with other cultures and experience the variety of cultures. Tourism is relevant in the development of youth policy and from this viewpoint, Zanka Children and Youth Centre is important. Mobilitas supports youth by means of membership cards, Euro<26 card (one of the largest initiatives to promote mobility and access to information and participation for youth under 26 years old. It was initiated by the Council of Europe and the European Youth Card Association), teacher’s cards, international student cards, KulturPass – a card which allows youth living in bad conditions to enjoy art and culture, meaning free entrance, cultural vouchers.

The most important sources regarding the topic of youth financial support are: the funds from the Social and Labour Ministry, the National Civil Fund (since 1996 there has been 1% from the tax, on one’s own choice), the National Cultural Fund (it distributes grants to projects and supports international cultural exchanges and programmes), the local councils (there’s no exact information regarding the sum spent on youth policy), the youth own financing means, European resources, especially the Youth in Action programme (the national resources since 2007 have been completed by it; it is not more different than Youth 2000-2006 but it ads the youth exchanges, democratic projects and volunteer services). In Hungary the Decisive Board of Youth in Action disposes of the decentralized resources. The previous Youth 2000-2006 programme supported the international cooperation and national youth programmes. Budapest got the most. Its evaluation shows that the programme was successful, 62% of the youth interviewed sustained that the programme influenced their career, knowledge and abilities, due to the exchange programs they became more tolerant, many young people continued the programme locally or internationally, 91% declared that the programme offered more training possibilities and 70% told that without the programme they wouldn’t have reached European cooperation. More than 50% affirmed that the writing of a project or application form is difficult yet not impossible to do. Moreover, only 1/3 of the Hungarian youth speak at least one foreign language (English is the most popular), and only 10% of youth speak two or more languages. Learning foreign languages should become a priority for young people especially when submitting a project internationally.

In 2007-2013 the European Social Fund wants to attract larger sums of money to succeed in the integration of youth in society. The National Children and Youth Fund (GYIA) can be mentioned too. It is coordinated by the Secretariat of Equality in Opportunities, supporting the children and youth programmes and projects. Regionally, its regional bodies are the regional youth councils RITS.

Since 2002, the Ministry of Natural Cultural Heritage offers travel grants, funds projects and programmes.

According to national reports, the financial resources for youth activities (approximately 90%) are shared through the system of projects (no matter if nationally, locally or on the European level), which requires a great deal of administrative work. Many decisions are taken by the regional youth councils. Roma youth may apply for finances for private interests or the interest of the centre if they found a proper association.

After joining the European Union, the cultural sector had great hopes for funding the cultural projects of youth. Still little is known about the way these funds can be administered. Organisations such as KulturPont Iroda (Culture Point Office) in Budapest makes great efforts to educate cultural organisations to make them participate in international projects. It is the official cultural contact point for the Culture (2007-2013) programme of the EU. Its activity is supported by the European Commission and the Hungarian Ministry of Education and Culture.

Firstly based on bilateral agreements, Hungary had participated in the European cultural framework programmes Culture 2000 and Culture (2007-2013) since 2001 in order to encourage the cultural creation and mobility, dissemination of culture and art, social integration, cross-border mobility, transnational circulation of cultural output, intercultural dialogue between young people by means of different activities: festivals, master classes, exhibitions, tours, translations, conferences. The phenomenon of festival youth shows that the change of times affecting youth in Hungary is partly backed by the changed relation of youth to institutions, partly representing a tendency of youth service organisations i.e. the abandonment of the state and the adoption of the market as a vision (see Sziget Festival, Budapest Spring Festival, Szeged Open-Air Festival, for instance). Participation of youth needs to be encouraged, especially outside the capital of the country. Higher educational institutes have established international exchanges to reach the intercultural dialogue. The Tempus Public Foundation and the Hungarian Scholarship Board are active in this area. There are also various scholarships in Hungary and abroad, for instance the Hungarian Eötvös State Scholarship organised by Balassi Institute and the Hungarian Scholarships Board, or the DAAD scholarships, a support from the Education and Research Ministry, inter-state grants. Semi-private and non-governmental organisations are knowledgeable in the field of intercultural cooperation. Because of the development of state and civil support programmes, the best youth participate in international competitions and art festivals.

Other sources of financial support: Applications’ Observatory, The British Council, The Institute of International Education, OTKA Grants, Mobilitas, Hungarian-French Youth Foundation, Balassi Balint Institution, The Visegrad Fund Grants, all these to facilitate the access to culture as users and creators.

Furthermore, with the increasing significance of the market, non-statutory youth organisations are given an increasingly significant role – young people increasingly turn into participants of the market economy, promoting cultural mass consumption. The social impact: image associated with the settlement, joint activities for the locals, enhancing the local identity of the local population, strengthening the identity of ethnic minorities, general reputation of the settlement.


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