ENGL 507 FALL 2013 SELFREVIEW ALGEO CH5 PART B

ENGL 507 FALL 2013 SELFREVIEW ALGEO CH5 PART B
G OODS AND SERVICES TAX SELFREVIEW OF ELIGIBILITY AND
PROGRAMME EFFECTIVENESS SELFREVIEW TOOL OCTOBER 2012 THIS IS A

SELFREVIEW OF REPORTING BASIC DEVELOPING INTEGRATED HOW DO WE

ENGL 507

Fall 2013

Self-Review: Algeo, Ch.5, Part B

Where does the stress go on an Old English word? _______________________________________________________________________.
Are prefixes stressed? _____________________________________________________.
If the Old English word is a compound word, where is the heaviest stress placed and where is the secondary stress placed? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Pronunciation: see Algeo pages 86-89.
- Vowels are generally pronounced as they are in modern continental languages.
- J, Q, and V are used for writing ___________________, but not _____________.
- Y is always a _______________________.
- With double consonants, which sounds are pronounced? ___________________.
- NO SILENT LETTERS in Old English.
Vowel length is ________________________ in Old English. How do you distinguish long and short vowels in transcription? ______________________________________________________________________.
Write the symbol for each runic orthographic character:
- Thorn:
- Eth:
- Yogh:
- Wynn:
Major phonological changes in Old English from many Proto-Germanic and Proto-Indo-European spellings. These affect why Old English words do not appear to be cognates in other languages.
- ______________________________________: When a single consonant (except r) in was preceded by a short vowel and followed by [j], the consonant was doubled. For example: *hafjan > habban.
- ________________________________________: Before a nasal, the [a] sound becomes the [ɔ] sound, so the spellings go from P.I.E. a to the O.E. o. Thus, spellings will eventually change from a- to o-. For example: *sanft >sonft > sōft.
- ____________________________________: Germanic [a] goes to the O.E. [æ] unless there is a back vowel in the following syllable; these will often show up with –as suffixes. For example: *sad > sæd but *dagas > dagas.
- Breaking explains the phonetic presence of many _________________________ and ______________________________ in modern English.
  - Lax (short) high vowels “break” into diphthongs before -r + consonant, -l + consonant (if the following consonant is [k] or [h]), or –h. For example: *fællan > feallan; *herte > heorte.
  - Tense (high) vowels break before –h. For example: *līht > līoht.

The most common Old English sound change was the __________________________ or ____________________________ that happens diachronically after breaking. A stressed root vowel is palatalized and moves toward the high-front position by the presence of ī, i, or j in the following syllable. For example: o to e, as in *morgin to mergen.
______________________________: Mid- and low-front single vowels turn into diphthongs after initial palatal sounds ([g],[c], [š]) in a stressed syllable: æ > ea, æ:> ēa, and e >ie. For example: *castra > ceaster.

The vowel of the P.I.E. root determines the class of the noun in Old English. TRUE/FALSE
The most important class of nouns in Old English is the __________________________.
Most irregular plurals in Modern English words descending from Old English come from one or more of the variant classes: r-stems (child-childer), n-stems (ox-oxen), and root-consonant stems (foot-feet).
________________________ nouns don’t have a demonstrative pronoun in the noun phrase, but __________________________ nouns have a demonstrative “the” or “that” in the noun phrase.
Old English has different inflectional ending depending on whether a noun is strong or weak.
The adjective form will match in _____________________, ______________________, and ______________________, but it may not match in spelling.
Pronouns are inflected for all five cases, numbers, and gender (see Algeo pg. 99-100).
Pressure came early to adopt some of the ________________________________ forms to lessen the confusion of Old English pronouns.
Old English had a _______________________ category (you two or “y’all) that’s been lost.
Adjectives also are inflected for weak and strong depending on whether the __________________________ is present.
___________________________ forms (-ra) come down as –er spellings; _____________________________________ (-est, -mest) come down as –est or –most spellings.
For Old English adverbs, simply add _________________________________________; later, the –ly develops from -lic.
Could Old English genitives function as adverbs? _______________________________.
What are some examples of Old English genitives spelled with a –ce? _______________________________________________________________________.

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