LESSON ELEMENT FILM EDITING INSTRUCTIONS AND ANSWERS

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OCR A Level Film Studies Lesson Element - Editing

LESSON ELEMENT FILM EDITING INSTRUCTIONS AND ANSWERS

Lesson Element

Film Editing

Instructions and answers for teachers



These instructions cover the student activity section which can be found on page 4. This Lesson Element supports OCR A Level Film Studies.

When distributing the activity section to the students either as a printed copy or as a Word file you will need to remove the teacher instructions section.



Mapping to the specification level

Develop knowledge and understanding of film form and its key terms through studying the micro-element of editing.

Identify how editing constructs meaning and contributes to the aesthetics of film.

Introduction

Editing is fundamental to the ways in which meaning is constructed in film. Learners should become aware that directors combine different images together in particular sequences of shots to elicit specific emotional responses from audiences. An appreciation of the importance of editing can enable learners to extend their textual analysis of film in sophisticated ways.

CLESSON ELEMENT FILM EDITING INSTRUCTIONS AND ANSWERS lassroom activities will give learners the opportunity to explore how the principal components of editing can generate multiple connotations and suggest a range of interpretations. Learners will be introduced to Alfred Hitchcock’s theories of film montage and in particular, how the Kuleshov Effect operates to alter the interpretation of individual shots within a sequence. Learners will demonstrate their understanding by storyboarding their own alternative sequences and to interpret the work of others.

Teachers should view Hitchcock on the Kuleshov Effect – YouTube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4AUnLNzi3U

The exercise for learners is based around this clip.

The activity

The aim of this lesson element is to provide an activity that will enable learners to:

  1. Develop an understanding of how the Kuleshov Effect1 can create meaning through editing.

  2. Consider how directors use editing to elicit emotional responses on the screen.

Soviet film-maker and film theorist Lev Kuleshov was among the first people to dissect the effects of juxtaposition within cinema. Through his early experiments and research, Kuleshov discovered that depending on how the shots are assembled within a sequence, the audience will attach different meanings or emotions to the same image.

Use the following extract from an interview with British film director, Alfred Hitchcock to provide a brief introduction and illustration of how the Kuleshov Effect works:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4AUnLNzi3U

On blank index cards, learners will each draw two identical copies of the following frames:

Frame 1. A close up of an expressionless face.

Frame 2. A close up of the same face, this time smiling.

Frame 3. A long shot of an object or of a person engaged in some kind of activity.

Learners will swap one of their copies of Frame 2 with a partner and then arrange the two sequences in order. With a different partner they can then analyse the different sequences to see what different connotations and meanings of the final frame are suggested when different Frame 2 shots are juxtaposed.

Extension task

An extension could require learners to produce an audio-visual version of their own Kuleshov experiments in the style of the Alfred Hitchcock clip.task

1 Various versions of the original Kuleshov Effect editing example can be found on YouTube and Vimeo.


LESSON ELEMENT FILM EDITING INSTRUCTIONS AND ANSWERS

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Lesson Element

Film Editing

Student Activity

Introduction

Soviet film-maker and film theorist Lev Kuleshov was among the first people to dissect the effects of juxtaposition within film. Through his early experiments, Kuleshov discovered that depending on how the shots are assembled within a sequence through editing, the audience will attach different meanings or emotions to the same image.

Student task 1.1

Watch the following extract from an interview with British film director, Alfred Hitchcock in which he illustrates how the Kuleshov Effect works:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4AUnLNzi3U

LESSON ELEMENT FILM EDITING INSTRUCTIONS AND ANSWERS LESSON ELEMENT FILM EDITING INSTRUCTIONS AND ANSWERS







Student task 1.2

On blank index cards, draw two identical copies of each of the following frames:

Frame 1

A close up of an expressionless face.

Frame 2

A close up of the same face, this time smiling.

Frame 3

A long shot of an object or of a person engaged in some kind of activity of your choice.



Swap ONE of your copies of Frame 2 with a partner. Arrange the two sequences in order. What difference does the juxtaposition of the different Frame 2 shots make to the meanings you attach to Frame 3?

Show your two sequences to a different partner and discuss.

Extension task

Using your mobile phone or a digital camcorder film and edit your own Kuleshov experiment in the style of the Alfred Hitchcock clip.

Provide a director’s commentary explaining how you have used editing to create different meanings.

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