De novo assembly of complete genome sequence of Planococcus kocurii ATCC 43650T, a potential plant growth promoting bacterium
Wah-Seng See-Tooa,b, Peter Conveyb,c, David A. Pearceb,c,d, Tan Jia Yia, Yan-Lue Lima, Robson Eea, Wai-Fong Yina , Kok-Gan Chana,e*
a Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
b National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
c British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
d Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
e UM Omics Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
*Corresponding author Tel.: +603–79675162; E-mail address: [email protected]
Abstract
Planococcus kocurii ATCC 43650T is a halotolerant and psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from the skin of a North sea cod. Here, we present the first complete genome and annotation of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T, identifying its potential as a plant growth promoting bacterium and its capability in the biosynthesis of butanol.
Keyword
Halotolerant, psychrotolerant, butanol biosynthesis, glutamate dehydrogenase, SMRT sequencing
Introduction
P. kocurii ATCC 43650T (=JCM 2569T =HK 701T) is an understudied member of the Planococcus genus originally isolated from the skin of a North Sea cod by Hao and Komagata (1985). To date, no biotechnological evaluation has been conducted for this taxon. Here, we explore the biotechnological potential of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T by sequencing the complete genome (3,487,770bp, with a G+C content of 40.9%) using Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The functional annotation performed unravelled its potential as a plant growth promoting bacterium and in butanol biosynthesis. The availability of this complete genome will also help to facilitate robust comparative genome analyses in this genus.
Data Description
P. kocurii ATCC 43650T was cultured aerobically for 48h at 20°C on seawater yeast peptone agar. Genomic DNA was extracted using the MasterPureTM Gram Positive DNA purification kit (Epicenter, WI, USA) following the manufacturer's protocols. A template library was constructed according to the “Guidelines for Preparing 20kb SMRTbellTM Templates” and sequenced in 1 SMRT cells using the PacBio RS II single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology (Pacific Biosciences, CA, USA). An output data of 1,180,039,791 bases and 88,826 reads with 279.99 fold coverage was generated from the SMRT sequencing in which de novo assembly was performed using the Hierarchical Genome-Assembly Process (HGAP) version 3 in SMRT Analysis v2.3.0. The open reading frame (ORF) was subsequently predicted using Prodigal v2.6.1 (Hyatt et al., 2010) and coding DNA sequences (CDS) were translated and searched against the UniProt, Pfam and COG (Clusters of Orthologous Group) databases. Non-coding genes and miscellaneous features were predicted using RNAmmer v1.2 (Lagesen et al., 2007), tRNAscan-SE v1.21 (Lowe & Eddy, 1997), SignalP v4.1 (Petersen et al., 2011) and TMHMM v2.0 (Krogh et al., 2001). The graphical circular map of the genome was constructed and visualized using Circos v0.67 (Krzywinski et al., 2009).
The complete genome of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T is made up of a single circular chromosome (3,487,770bp, 40.9% G+C content) and a circular plasmid of (21,505bp, 40.0% G+C content) (Table 1). Briefly, a total of 3,328 genes, 3237 proteins, 45 pseudogenes and 28 rRNAs were identified in the chromosome, with a further 22 genes, 16 proteins and 6 pseudogenes identified in the plasmid. A graphical map along with the COG distribution of both the chromosome and plasmid genomes of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T are given in Figure 1. A MIxS mandatory information of the MIxS checklist and environmental packages containing the phenotypic, physiological and biochemical key features of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T is presented in Table 2.
Table 1. General features of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T
Attribute |
Chromosome (CP013661.1) |
Plasmid (CP013660.1) |
Genome size (bp) |
3,487,770 |
21,505 |
Contigs |
1 |
1 |
G+C content (%) |
40.9 |
40.0 |
Genes |
3,328 |
22 |
Protein |
3,237 |
16 |
Pseudogenes |
45 |
6 |
rRNA (5S, 16S, 23S) |
28 (9, 10, 9) |
- |
tRNA |
72 |
- |
ncRNA |
4 |
- |
Figure 1. Graphical map of the chromosome (left) and plasmid (right) genomes of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T
Table 2. MIGS mandatory information for P. kocurii ATCC 43650T.
Item |
Description |
General feature of classification |
|
Classification |
Domain: Bacteria |
|
Phylum: Firmicutes |
|
Class: Bacilli |
|
Order: Bacillales |
|
Family: Planococcaceae |
|
Genus: Planococcus |
|
Species: kocurii |
Gram stain |
Positive |
Cell shape |
Cocci |
Motility |
Motile |
Temperature range (°C) |
5-30°C |
NaCl concentration (optimum) (%) |
0-10% |
|
|
Investigation |
|
Submitted to INSDC |
Chromosome accession number: CP013661.1 Plasmid accession number: CP013660.1 |
Investigation type |
MIGS BA |
Project name |
Complete genome sequencing of Planococcus kocurii ATCC 43650T |
|
|
Environment |
|
Geographic location (latitude and longitude) |
Not collected |
Geographic location (depth) |
Not collected |
Geographic location (country) |
Not collected |
Collection date |
1st January 1957 |
Environment (biome) |
Skin |
Environment (feature) |
North Sea cod |
|
|
MIGS/MIMS/MIMARKS extension |
|
Environmental package |
Skin of the North Sea cod (host-associated) |
|
|
Nucleic acid sequence source |
|
Isolation and growth conditions |
Hao & Komagata (1985) |
|
|
Sequencing |
|
Target gene or locus |
Complete genome sequence of Planococcus kocurii ATCC 43650T |
Sequencing method |
Single Molecules Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing |
Sequencing platform |
PacBio RS II sequencer |
|
|
Assembly |
|
Assemble method |
De novo assembly |
Assembly name |
Hierarchical Genome Assembly Process (HGAP) version 3 |
Finishing strategy |
Complete genome, finished |
Coverage |
230.5× |
Assembly size (bp) |
Chromosome: 3,487,770bp Plasmid: 21,505bp |
Contig |
2 (1 chromosome, 1 plasmid) |
Two pathways involved in assimilation of ammonia were identified in the genome. The first pathway was a glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) pathway using NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_11260, AUO94_13090, AUO94_15260). The second was a glutamine synthetase (GS)-glutamate synthase (GOGAT) pathway which involved glutamine synthetase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_06480; EC 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_02135, AUO94_02130; EC 1.4.1.13), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_03600; EC 2.1.2.1), glycine dehydrogenase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_09395, AUO94_09400; EC 1.4.4.2) and glutamine amidotransferase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_00170).
Functional annotation also revealed 18 genes for the biosynthesis of butanol using the acetone/isopropanol butanol–ethanol (A/IBE) pathway, which included acetyl-coA acetyl transferase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_03485, AUO94_06550, AUO94_11520, AUO94_13195, AUO94_14735), 3-hydroxybutyryl-coA-dehydrogenase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_02245, AUO94_03490, AUO94_04680), enoyl-coA-hydrotase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_02695, AUO94_05775, AUO94_10305, AUO94_10505, AUO94_11770, AUO94_11910), butryl-coA dehydrogenase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_13135), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_02290), alcohol dehydrogenase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_12930), and butanol dehydrogenase (NCBI locus tag: AUO94_11255). The availability of this genome may serve as a fundamental resource to further study the full biotechnological potential of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T.
Nucleotide sequence accession number
The complete genome sequence of P. kocurii ATCC 43650T (=JCM 2569T =HK 701T) has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number of CP013661.1 (chromosome) and CP013660.1 (plasmid).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the University of Malaya High Impact Research Grants (UMMOHE HIR Grant UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/CHAN/14/1, Grant No. H-50001-A000027; UMMOHE HIR Grant UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/CHAN/01, Grant No. A-000001-50001) awarded to Kok-Gan Chan. Peter Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the British Antarctic Survey’s ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team.
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Tags: assembly of, 230.5× assembly, assembly, planococcus, complete, genome, sequence