JAIL POLICIES POLICY USE OF FORCE THIS

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Policy #

Use of Force


This policy is for internal use only.

Applicable Kentucky Statutes:

Applicable Kentucky Regulation: 501 KAR 3:060

ACA Standards: 4-ALDF-2B-01M; 4-ALDF-2B-02; 4-ALDF-2B-03M; 4-ALDF-2B-04;

4-ALDF-2B-05; 4-ALDF-2B-06; 4-ALDF-2B-07; 4-ALDF-2B-08M;4-ALDF-7B-15; 4-ALDF-7B-16

Date available online: Jan. 18, 2021




  1. Purpose: The purpose of this policy is to provide direction to the staff regarding use of force.

  2. Policy: The policy of this -----------Jail name -------- is to use objectively reasonable force when necessary to maintain the order and security of the jail; provide for the protection of the staff, visitors and the community; while at the same time providing for the safety and security of the inmates.

  3. Definitions:

    1. Deadly force: Force that creates a substantial likelihood of serious bodily harm or death.

    2. Active Resistance: Any affirmative step taken by an inmate to defeat the correctional officer’s ability to establish custody or control.

    3. Non-deadly force: A use of force that does not create a substantially likelihood of serious bodily harm or death.

    4. Chokehold: means applying any direct pressure to the throat, windpipe, or airway of another with the intent to reduce or prevent the intake of air. "Chokehold" does not include any holding involving contact with the neck that is not intended to reduce the intake of air.


    1. Neck Restraint: A method of rendering a person unconscious by restricting the flow of blood to the brain by compressing the sides of the neck where the carotid arteries are located. 

    2. Intervene: To come between, whether verbally or physically, so as to prevent or alter a result or course of events.

    1. De-escalation. Force can often be avoided through the use of de-escalation techniques and other non-dynamic tools such as officer presence, containment, and communication. When feasible, officers will use de-escalation and other techniques to reduce the immediacy of threats to peoples’ safety and stabilize incidents. Whenever possible, officers will seek to slow things down. Not every situation or inmate can be deescalated. Conversely, officer behavior can escalate a situation. Officers should not intentionally escalate situations unnecessarily.


    1. Duty of care: Officers have an affirmative duty to care for persons in their custody. Officers and supervisors are responsible for providing or obtaining appropriate medical attention to any person in their custody who is injured or complains of injury. This pertains whether injuries preceded custody, or were sustained during custody.


    1. Positional asphyxia. Officers restraining a subject should be cognizant of and avoid positional asphyxia. This agency prohibits prolonged face-down prone restraint.


    1. Active Aggression: Behavior that creates an imminent risk of physical injury to a subject, officer, or third party, but would not lead a reasonable officer to perceive a risk of death or serious bodily injury. Examples include but are not limited to an attack on an officer consisting of strikes, wrestling, undirected strikes with injury potential, kicks, shoves, or punches. Examples may also include words or behavior such as pre-assault cues that clearly indicate that such an attack or actions are imminent.


    1. Passive resistance: An inmate who takes no affirmative action to defeat the officer’s ability to control the inmate, but who does not respond to verbal commands and presents a refusal to move by sitting down or acting as dead weight.


    1. Active resistance: An inmate actively resists when they take affirmative action to defeat a member’s ability to control the inmate.


    1. Excessive Force: is force that is not objectively reasonable from the perspective of a reasonable officer in the same circumstances. Excessive force will not be tolerated.


    1. Force Options: The various options of force available to jail staff in order to control a prisoner:

      1. Command presence

      2. Verbal commands

      3. Soft-empty hand control

      4. Pepper Spray Electronic Control Weapons Chemical munitions other than oleoresin capsicum

      5. Active counter measures (hard hand control tactics)

      6. Less-lethal munitions systems

      7. K-9

      8. Firearms

    2. Chokeholds & Neck Restraints: An officer shall not use a chokehold or neck restraint in the performance of his or her duties, unless deadly force is justified.

        1. In general, officers may use reasonable force to lawfully seize evidence and to prevent the destruction of evidence. However, officers shall not use a chokehold, neck restraint, or any lesser contact with the throat or neck area of another in order to prevent the destruction of evidence by ingestion.

        2. Render Medical Aid: Officers restraining a subject should be cognizant of and avoid positional asphyxia. This agency prohibits prolonged face-down prone restraint.


        1. As soon as the subject stops resisting and is handcuffed and/or under control, monitor the person's vital signs closely. Take the following steps:

  1. Procedure:

    1. When force becomes necessary a deputy jailer shall use force which is objectively reasonable under the circumstance they face. The force option chosen shall turn on the facts and circumstances of each particular case and from the perspective of a reasonable officer at the scene based on what the officer knew at the time and without 20/20 hindsight. In determining whether a particular force option is reasonable the jail staff will consider:

      1. The need for the use of force;

      2. Whether the inmate was actively resisting;

      3. The level or amount of force to be used;

      4. Whether the need justifies the level of force being considered;

      5. The seriousness of the threat reasonably believed to exist;

      6. In all cases, jail staff should take steps to temper their force; such steps will include assistance to involved inmates once the situation has stabilized. Force shall never be disproportionate to the need or the threat.

      7. Duty to Intervene: Use of Force: in accordance with the agency’s Duty to Intervene policy Officers of this agency have an affirmative duty to intervene if they witness a use force that is clearly unreasonable. Any officer present and observing another officer using force that is clearly beyond that which is reasonable under the circumstances shall, when in a position to safely do so, intervene to prevent the use of unreasonable force. An officer who observes another employee use of force that exceeds the degree of force permitted by law should promptly report these observations to a supervisor.

    2. Force Justifications:

      1. The officer shall consider the relationship between the need for the use of force and the amount of force used. Use of force is authorized to accomplish any of the following objectives:

        1. Protection of the Public;

        2. Protection of self or others;

        3. Protection of jail property from damage or destruction;

        4. Prevention of an escape or riot;

        5. Recapture of an escapee;

        6. Prevention of a criminal act in the jail;

        7. Self-defense;

        8. To physically move an offender who is noncompliant;

        9. Affect compliance with rules and regulations when other methods of control are ineffective, insufficient, or based on the circumstances would be unlikely to accomplish the objectives.

        10. Protect the prisoner from self-inflicted harm.

        11. Force may be used in any other circumstance where it is reasonable and necessary to maintain order, safety, or security in the jail.

        12. No employee shall be issued or allowed to carry any weapon until they have been properly trained in the use of force procedures and demonstrates proficiency in the weapons use.


        1. Force shall not be used for punishment.

      1. All firearms and weapons available to the jail shall be maintained in a secure area (arsenal, vault, or other locked room) when not in use.

      2. Chokeholds & Neck Restraints: An officer shall not use a chokehold or neck restraint in the performance of his or her duties, unless deadly force is justified.

        1. In general, officers may use reasonable force to lawfully seize evidence and to prevent the destruction of evidence. However, officers shall not use a chokehold, neck restraint, or any lesser contact with the throat or neck area of another in order to prevent the destruction of evidence by ingestion.

        2. Render Medical Aid: Officers restraining a subject should be cognizant of and avoid positional asphyxia. This agency prohibits prolonged face-down prone restraint.


        1. As soon as the subject stops resisting and is handcuffed and/or under control, monitor the person's vital signs closely. Take the following steps:

    1. Medical Evaluation: The supervisor shall immediately notify medical staff that a use of force has occurred and direct them to conduct a medical assessment of the inmate. If medical staff is unable to respond the supervisor will seek emergency medical care where necessary.

      1. All prisoners involved in a use of force will be immediately visually inspected and questioned regarding injuries that may have occurred.


      1. If the inmate has an obvious injury or shows signs of physical distress a medical assessment will be conducted immediately.

      2. If the inmate complains of an injury or physical distress a medical assessment will be conducted immediately. This may require a transport to a medical facility where no trained staff is available to make the medical assessment.

      3. Medical authority will provide the appropriate treatment for an inmate involved in a use of force, or direct the inmate receive treatment from ambulance or hospital personnel.

      4. Where a prisoner has been subjected to OC, the prisoner shall be de-contaminated immediately once control is gained. If the prisoner shows any signs of physical distress or does not recover in a reasonable amount of time, jail staff shall immediately direct an emergency medical response and render first-aid at the degree for which they are trained.

    1. Reporting Uses of Force

      1. Every use of force, beyond command presence, verbal command, and soft empty hand control, shall be documented and reported on the provided jail form, including:

        1. An accounting of the events leading to the use of force;

        2. An accurate and precise description of the incident, force used, and reasons for employing force;

        3. A description of the law enforcement tool, if any, and the manner in which it was used;

        4. A description of the injuries suffered, if any, and the treatment given and/ or received;

        5. A list of all participants and witnesses to the incident;

        6. Photographs of the inmate following the force incident;

        7. All video that captures the use of force incident shall be preserved and documented as evidence.

      2. Any staff member who uses physical force, beyond command presence, verbal command, or soft empty-hand control, is required to report such action to the shift supervisor as soon as possible.

      3. The shift supervisor is required to ensure that all necessary written reports are completed for reporting the incident to the Jailer or his designee, or other appropriate staff as directed, as soon as possible.



    1. Force Review: It is recognized that once a prisoner is sentenced, use of force is judged by the 8th Amendment’s Standards on Cruel and Unusual Punishment. Due to the nature of the jail and the inability to determine a particular prisoner’s status during quickly evolving circumstances the application of force shall be under the objective reasonable standard. Any review of a use of force on a sentenced prisoner shall be conducted utilizing the 8th Amendment’s subjective standard, which includes:

      1. Did the officer act in good faith or in the alternative did the officer act sadistically and maliciously;

      2. Was the amount of force used proportional to the need for force

      3. Was the inmate injured and what was the extent of the injury

      4. Did the officer attempt to temper (diminish) the force outcome

      5. All use of force incidents required to be reported under this policy shall be reviewed by the Jailer or designee.

      6. The Jailer may request an outside investigation of any use of force incident where the jailer determines that it will be in the best interest of the jail.

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