NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8

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Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants


Name: ____________________________ Class:___________________ Date: ______________

Mrs. Gill-Klearis Science 8 Energy – Conduction Gizmo

Student Exploration: Heat Transfer by Conduction

Vocabulary:

conduction:_______________________________________________________________

convection:_______________________________________________________________

insulate:_______________________________________________________________

radiation:_______________________________________________________________

thermal conductor:______________________________________________________________

thermal energy:_______________________________________________________________

thermal insulator:_______________________________________________________________

open system:__________________________________________________________________

Closed sytem:_________________________________________________________________


Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

Suppose two frying pans have been left on the stove with the burners on. One of the frying pans has a metal handle and the other has a wooden handle.


  1. Which handle do you think you could safely touch? ________________________________

  2. Why do you think one handle will be cooler than the other? __________________________

_________________________________________________________________________


G

NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8

izmo Warm-up

Heat, also called thermal energy, can be transmitted through

space (radiation), by moving fluids (convection), or through

direct contact. This final method, called conduction, is explored

in the Heat Transfer by Conduction Gizmo™.


To begin, check that Aluminum is selected. Select the BAR CHART

tab and turn on Show numerical values.


  1. What is the initial temperature of each beaker? Beaker A _________ Beaker B _________


  1. Click Play (NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8 ) and observe.


    1. What happens to the temperature of Beaker A over time? _____________________

___________________________________________________________________


    1. What happens to the temperature of Beaker B over time? ____________________

___________________________________________________________________


  1. Why do you think the temperatures of Beaker A and Beaker B changed as they did?

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________


Activity A:


Measuring heat transfer

Get the Gizmo ready:

  • Click Reset (NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8 ).

  • Check that Aluminum is selected.

NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8


Question: How does the temperature difference between two containers relate to the rate of temperature change?

NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8


  1. Observe: Select the GRAPH tab and press Play. Wait until the temperatures of the two beakers are both close to 50 °C, and use the zoom out button (NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8 ) to see the whole graph, including 1000 seconds. Neatly sketch the graph in the space at right.


a) In the first 200 seconds, the temperature of both beakers change fast or slow? ___________________


b) As time continues does the rate of temperature change speed up or slow down?


What does the graph show about relationship between the rate of temperature change and time? (complete the sentence below)


As _____________________ increases, the rate of temperature change ________________________.



  1. Form hypothesis: How do you think the temperature difference between the beakers relates to the rate of heat transfer? If ___________________________________________________, then ___________________________________________________________________________.


  1. Gather data: Select the TABLE tab. Click Reset, and then click Play. Click Pause (NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8 ) every 100 seconds (does not have to be exact). Each time you click Pause, record the temperature of each beaker and their temperature difference in the table below. (To find the temperature difference, subtract the temperature of beaker B from that of beaker A.)


Time (s)

Beaker A temp. (°C)

Beaker B temp. (°C)

Temp. difference (°C)

0 s




100 s




200 s




300 s




400 s




500 s




600 s





  1. Calculate: At each time, what is the sum of the temperatures in each beaker? ___________

(Add Beaker A Temperature to Beaker B Temperature, should be the same)


  1. Apply: In this simulation, the beakers are perfectly insulated in a closed system. This means that no thermal energy (heat) is lost to the outside environment. If the beakers were not perfectly insulated, how do you think the sum of their temperatures would change over time? What type of system would this be? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________


  1. Compare: Compare the temperature changes in the 0–100 second interval to the 500–600 second interval. First, record the temperature difference at the start of each interval. Then, calculate how much the temperature in each beaker changed during the interval.

0–100 s interval

500–600 s interval

Temperature difference at the start of the time interval.

Use Chart above from “3. Gather Data”

At 0 Seconds, the temperature difference was _________

At 500 Seconds, the temperature difference was _________

Change in Beaker A temperature

(Subtract temperatures)

Between 0 s and 100s beaker A dropped by ___________

Between 500 s and 600s beaker A dropped by ___________

Change in Beaker B temperature

(Subtract temperatures)

Between 0 s and 100s beaker B increased by ___________

Between 500 s and 600s beaker B increased by ___________


  1. Analyze: When the temperature difference between the two beakers was large, was the change in the beakers temperature big or small? __________________________________________


When the temperature difference between the two beakers was small, was the change in the beakers temperature big or small?_____________________________________________________________


How does the rate of temperature change depend on the temperature difference between the two beakers? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Think and discuss: Why do you think the rate of temperature change does not stay constant over time? What happens as the two temperature get closer together?

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________


In each interval in the chart above is the amount of heat lost by beaker A equal to the amount of heat gained by beaker B?_______________________ How do you know?____________________________

What did the heat energy travel through? ____________________________ This form of heat transfer is called ___________________________.


If this was an open system, and the bar was NOT perfectly insulated, would you still expect the heat lost by beaker A equal to the amount of heat gained by beaker B? _____ Where would some of the energy go? _____


Activity B:


Conductors and insulators

Get the Gizmo ready:

  • Click Reset (NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8 ).

  • Select the TABLE tab.

NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8


Introduction: Materials that allow heat to pass through easily are called thermal conductors. Materials that resist the transfer of heat are called thermal insulators.


Question: Which materials are the best conductors? Which are the worst conductors?


  1. Predict: In the Gizmo, you can use aluminum, copper, steel, or glass to connect the two insulated beakers.



  1. Gather data: With Aluminum selected, click Play. Click Pause after about 200 simulated seconds. Record the temperature of each beaker at 200 seconds. Next, calculate the temperature change of Beaker A. Repeat with each material to complete the table.


Material

Beaker A temp. at
200 seconds (°C)

Beaker B temp. at
200 seconds (°C)

Beaker A temp. change (°C)

Aluminum




Copper




Steel




Glass






  1. Analyze: What does your data indicate? _________________________________________


_________________________________________________________________________


  1. Classify: Which materials would you classify as thermal conductors, and which would you classify as an insulator? Which material was the best thermal conductor?


Thermal conductors: __________________ __________________ __________________


Thermal insulator: ________________ Best thermal conductor: ________________


  1. Apply: A good frying pan will transfer heat quickly from the stove burner to the food. Based on the results of the Gizmo, which material would be best for frying pans? ______________

Why? ____________________________________________________________________

NAME CLASS DATE MRS GILLKLEARIS SCIENCE 8


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